Americans Split Over New LGBT Protections, Restroom Policies

WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Americans are about evenly divided on whether new civil rights laws are needed to protect lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. Fifty-one percent of U.S. adults say such laws are needed, while 46% say they are not.

	National adults
	%
Yes, new laws needed	51
No, not needed	46
No opinion	3
Gallup, May 3-7, 2017

These data, from Gallup's annual Values and Beliefs poll conducted May 3-7, come as Democratic members of Congress plan to reintroduce a bill that would provide protections for LGBT people from housing, employment and other forms of discrimination. The bill's potential for passage is unclear, as few in the majority Republican caucus have given their support.

LGBT rights and protections have been contentious at the state level, too. The West Virginia Supreme Court recently ruled that anti-gay assaults are not covered in the state's hate-crimes law. In Texas, the House of Representatives passed a bill that would allow state-funded adoption agencies and foster care services to refuse to place children in LGBT families based on religious objections. Also, bills introduced in the Florida legislature to protect LGBT people from housing and employment discrimination failed to pass in this year's legislative session.

According to the Human Rights Campaign, the nation's largest LGBT advocacy group, 20 states have protections against discrimination in employment and housing situations for both sexual orientation and gender identity.

Liberals, Democrats and Women Most Likely to Say New Laws Needed

Among key political and demographic subgroups, support for new LGBT protections is highest among liberals (76%) and Democrats (67%), both of whom have typically been advocates for LGBT issues. By contrast, Republicans (27%) and conservatives (29%) are the least likely to say new laws are needed, echoing positions often taken by GOP political leaders.

	Yes, new laws needed	No, not needed	No opinion
	%	%	%
Liberals	76	20	3
Democrats	67	30	2
Women	61	35	5
18 to 29	58	41	3
Nonwhites	58	39	2
Moderates	56	41	3
Independents	56	41	2
30 to 49	55	41	3
Attends church nearly weekly/monthly	55	43	2
Attends church less often	55	42	3
Whites	48	49	3
65+	46	49	4
50 to 64	44	52	4
Men	40	58	2
Attends church weekly	37	59	4
Conservatives	29	68	3
Republicans	27	70	3
Gallup, May 3-7, 2017

Differences in views can be found among other groups, including:

• About six in 10 women (61%) support new civil rights laws to protect LGBT people -- significantly higher than support among men (40%).
• More than half of 18- to 49-year-olds say new laws are needed, while less than half of those 50 and older agree.
• Though whites have been more supportive of same-sex marriage, nonwhites are more likely to say that new civil rights laws should be created.

Americans Divided Over Restroom Policies for Transgender People

Debate over restroom policies for transgender people has roiled American politics in recent years. Most notably, a 2016 state law in North Carolina mandating that individuals use the bathroom that corresponds with their birth gender brought a swift backlash that resulted in a number of sports events, performance artists and many other business deals pulling out of the state. This cost the state deeply, and the law was eventually repealed.

Gallup has noted that the issue is a complicated one to poll on, as it is relatively new to Americans. The issue has gained in prominence -- most recently when President Donald Trump reversed federal protections that allowed transgender students to use bathrooms in public schools that correspond with their gender identity.

Currently, Americans are split on what public restroom access policies should be -- they are about as likely to say transgender individuals should be required to use a bathroom that corresponds to their birth gender (48%) as to say a transgender person should be allowed to use a bathroom that corresponds to their gender identity (45%). Seven percent have no opinion on the issue.

This is a slight shift from last year, when Americans were 10 percentage points more likely to say that birth gender should dictate public bathroom use.

	Birth gender	Gender identity	No opinion
	%	%	%
May 3-7, 2017	48	45	7
May 4-8, 2016	50	40	10
Gallup

Conservatives, Liberals Support Differing Restroom Policies

Consistent with their polarized views on LGBT civil rights laws more generally, conservatives and liberals have opposing views on the issue of transgender bathroom policies. While about seven in 10 conservatives favor bathroom assignment based on birth gender, just as many liberals favor basing it on an individual's gender identity. A similar split exists among Republicans and Democrats, though Democrats are slightly less supportive of gender identity-based policy than liberals.

Slight to solid majorities of weekly and nearly weekly churchgoers, men, adults aged 50 to 64 and nonwhites would rather require people to use the bathroom of their birth gender. Meanwhile, small majorities of infrequent churchgoers, 18- to 29-year-olds and women favor allowing people to choose based on their gender identity.

Other groups are evenly split, with neither policy garnering majority support.

	Birth gender	Gender identity
	%	%
Republicans	71	25
Conservatives	69	25
Attends church weekly	63	30
Men	57	38
50 to 64	52	41
Nonwhites	52	42
Attends church nearly weekly/monthly	52	40
30 to 49	49	45
65+	49	42
Independents	46	49
Whites	46	48
Moderates	44	50
Women	40	52
18 to 29	40	56
Attends church less often	39	56
Democrats	29	63
Liberals	22	72
Gallup, May 3-7, 2017

Bottom Line

Though debate about transgender restroom policies is not new to many college campuses and municipalities, the issue went national in 2016, becoming a divisive topic that has had major consequences for at least one statewide elected official and citizens whose governments have waded into the issue. But despite policy discussions on the matter that have taken place at local, state and federal levels of government for over a year, the public remains split on how to proceed.

Americans are divided on broader protections for LGBT people as well -- though a bare majority say new civil rights laws are needed. Support could grow, however, if the public becomes more sympathetic to the LGBT community amid efforts to deny or take away rights they have long fought for. On the other hand, support for more legal protections could shrink, should Americans perceive that LGBT men and women have achieved major gains in legal equality, especially as the focus shifts to transgender bathroom rights, which don't have majority support.

Elected officials looking for guidance from the public on how to navigate the issue will not find it, given the divided nature of opinion on the issue.

These data are available in Gallup Analytics.