GALLUP NEWS SERVICE
PRINCETON, NJ -- Sports fans have a lot to hold their attention this weekend with significant events in most of the major sports. Playoffs begin in the National Basketball Association and continue in the National Hockey League; the National Football League holds its annual draft of college players; and major league baseball, golf, tennis, and auto racing continue their seasons. This is, thus, a good time to consider the relative popularity of the major spectator sports in America. A Gallup poll conducted March 26-28 finds that professional football has more fans than any other sport in America, topping the list of 11 sports tested:
|
2001 Mar 26-28 |
Yes, a fan |
SOMEWHAT |
Total fans |
|
Professional football |
54 |
9 |
63 |
|
Professional baseball |
46 |
10 |
56 |
|
College football |
44 |
9 |
53 |
|
Figure skating |
40 |
10 |
50 |
|
College basketball |
38 |
9 |
47 |
|
Professional basketball |
36 |
8 |
44 |
|
Auto racing |
31 |
8 |
39 |
|
Professional golf |
27 |
9 |
36 |
|
Professional ice hockey |
24 |
7 |
31 |
|
Professional tennis |
19 |
9 |
28 |
|
Professional wrestling |
12 |
3 |
15 |
|
(vol.)=Volunteered response |
The data from this survey afford an opportunity to assess not only which sports are the most popular in the public, but also what distinguishes fans of one sport from another. Certainly, some general characteristics apply, with the most obvious being that men are more likely than women to be fans of just about every sport. But a number of differences are also apparent for various sports by age, region, education, income and race. The analysis is built around the following tables, which displays the proportion of each group that is a fan of the sport. The numbers have been indexed to a base of 100. The base is equal to the overall proportion of Americans who say they are fans of each sport. Scores above 100 indicate that members of that group are more likely to be fans of the sport than the population in general, and scores below 100 indicate that members of that group are less likely to be fans of the sport than the population in general. The numbers, thus, show the relative strength of each sport across the subgroups. It should be noted that the numbers cannot be compared across sports.
|
Gender |
Age |
Race |
||||||||
|
Sport |
Percent fans |
Male |
Female |
18-29 |
30-49 |
50-64 |
65 + |
White |
Black |
Non-white |
|
Pro football |
63 |
117 |
84 |
114 |
108 |
95 |
75 |
100 |
103 |
100 |
|
Pro baseball |
56 |
107 |
95 |
96 |
100 |
102 |
104 |
104 |
82 |
89 |
|
College football |
53 |
123 |
79 |
113 |
94 |
104 |
98 |
102 |
98 |
92 |
|
Figure skating |
50 |
64 |
136 |
70 |
92 |
120 |
128 |
104 |
82 |
84 |
|
College basketball |
47 |
119 |
85 |
106 |
106 |
96 |
91 |
98 |
115 |
115 |
|
Pro basketball |
44 |
109 |
93 |
134 |
100 |
95 |
75 |
91 |
175 |
152 |
|
Auto racing |
39 |
123 |
77 |
118 |
103 |
113 |
67 |
105 |
59 |
74 |
|
Pro golf |
36 |
122 |
78 |
81 |
89 |
106 |
133 |
100 |
97 |
100 |
|
Pro ice hockey |
31 |
113 |
87 |
129 |
113 |
77 |
61 |
106 |
52 |
68 |
|
Pro tennis |
28 |
96 |
104 |
89 |
104 |
107 |
104 |
96 |
121 |
129 |
|
Pro wrestling |
15 |
113 |
80 |
200 |
93 |
67 |
47 |
93 |
127 |
133 |
|
Education |
Region |
Place of Residence |
|||||||||||||
|
|
% fans |
Col. |
Some |
No |
E |
MW |
S |
W |
Urban |
Sub- |
Rural |
||||
|
Pro football |
63 |
106 |
102 |
95 |
97 |
97 |
105 |
98 |
102 |
108 |
83 |
||||
|
Pro baseball |
56 |
100 |
102 |
102 |
105 |
105 |
95 |
98 |
98 |
107 |
91 |
||||
|
College football |
53 |
109 |
100 |
94 |
81 |
109 |
106 |
102 |
100 |
108 |
89 |
||||
|
Figure skating |
50 |
104 |
104 |
98 |
102 |
100 |
94 |
112 |
104 |
100 |
100 |
||||
|
College basketball |
47 |
121 |
98 |
91 |
94 |
111 |
104 |
94 |
109 |
98 |
100 |
||||
|
Pro basketball |
44 |
105 |
98 |
100 |
95 |
93 |
102 |
111 |
120 |
98 |
84 |
||||
|
Auto racing |
39 |
56 |
105 |
123 |
95 |
118 |
95 |
115 |
90 |
103 |
108 |
||||
|
Pro golf |
36 |
111 |
97 |
92 |
100 |
106 |
92 |
103 |
103 |
97 |
97 |
||||
|
Pro ice hockey |
31 |
103 |
116 |
84 |
123 |
106 |
65 |
106 |
94 |
116 |
71 |
||||
|
Pro tennis |
28 |
129 |
100 |
86 |
107 |
71 |
96 |
71 |
121 |
107 |
68 |
||||
|
Pro wrestling |
15 |
33 |
80 |
147 |
120 |
87 |
100 |
180 |
113 |
93 |
93 |
||||
Col. Deg.: College degree
Some Col.: Some college
No Col.: No college
E: East
MW: Midwest
S: South
W: West
Professional and College Football
More than six in 10
Americans (63%) consider themselves to be fans of professional
football, higher than any of the 11 sports tested. Football also
traditionally places first by a wide margin when Americans are
asked to name their favorite sport, and thus has a broad appeal in
America. Pro football is one of only three of the 11 sports tested
where a majority of women consider themselves fans. However, pro
football still exhibits one of the larger gender gaps of the
sports: 74% of men and 53% of women consider themselves fans, for a
gender gap of 21 percentage points. Only college football and
figure skating show larger gender gaps. Pro football also draws
proportionately more of its fans from younger Americans. About
seven in 10 Americans below the age of 50 are football fans, but
only 60% of those between the ages of 50 and 64 and just 47% of
those over the age of 65 consider themselves pro football fans. Pro
football fans are fairly evenly spread throughout the four regions
of the country, but they are more likely to come from suburban
(68%) or urban (64%) areas than rural areas (52%).
Given that football in a general sense is Americans' favorite sport, it is not surprising that the pro and college versions of the game have the highest and third-highest percentage of fans, respectively. Like pro football, college football shows a decided gender gap of 23 points. Sixty-five percent of men and 42% of women are fans of college football, which is an even larger gap than that which exists for pro football. There are considerable differences by region, too, as those in the Eastern United States are much less likely to be fans of college football (43%) than in the other regions, all of which have at least 54% identifying as college football fans. This may be a result of the fact that the East lacks a prominent college football conference or program, which are mainly found in the South, Midwest and West. Lastly, there is a tendency for married people to identify as college football fans, as 58% of married Americans and 47% of non-married people are fans of the sport.
College football fans are not only likely to be fans of pro football, but perhaps more interestingly, college basketball as well. The relationship between being a college football fan and also a college basketball fan is as strong as that of being a fan of both the college and pro versions of football or basketball, suggesting that collegiate sports have a unique appeal all their own.
Professional Baseball
The poll shows that 55% of
Americans considered themselves to be fans of professional
baseball, placing it second among the sports tested. Baseball has
an older fan base than do most sports. This is not due, however, to
the fact that older and younger Americans differ in their affinity
for baseball. Indeed, the differences are small, as 54% of
Americans under the age of 50 and 57% of Americans over 50 are
baseball fans. Rather, the difference is primarily due to the fact
that most sports have many more fans of younger ages than they do
fans of older ages. White Americans are also more likely to be
baseball fans than are non-whites, a tendency that exists in a few
sports but not in most. Baseball has more fans in the East and
Midwest than it does in the South, and also has more fans in
suburban areas than in rural areas.
Figure Skating
Half the public says they are fans of figure skating, and it is the
only sport of the 11 tested that has more female than male fans.
Sixty-eight percent of women consider themselves fans of figure
skating, while only 32% of men do, resulting in a gap of 36
percentage points, the largest of all sports. Figure skating also
has an older fan base; in fact it has the greatest proportion of
fans among Americans 50 years and older, even eclipsing pro
football in this regard. Sixty-two percent of Americans over the
age of 50 are fans of figure skating, compared to only 43% of
Americans below the age of 50. There are slight regional
differences among figure skating fans, with these residing in the
West more likely and those in the South least likely to be
fans.
Professional and College Basketball
When Americans are asked to name their favorite sport, basketball
generally places second to football. However, college and
professional basketball trail four other sports in the percentage
of Americans who consider themselves fans of the sport.
Professional basketball has a strong appeal among non-whites,
especially blacks. In the poll, 77% of blacks indicated they were
fans of pro basketball compared to 40% of whites. Pro basketball
also shows considerable differences by age, with younger Americans
far more likely to be fans of the sport than are older Americans.
Nearly six in 10 of those between the ages of 18 and 29 identify as
fans of college basketball, and each succeeding age group shows a
smaller proportion of fans -- 44% of 30-49 year olds, 42% of 50-64
year olds, and just 33% of those 65 and older. Professional
wrestling is the only other sport to exhibit such a marked
"generation" gap. Pro basketball also shows considerable
differences according to place of residence. More than half of
Americans (53%) residing in urban areas are fans of pro basketball,
compared to 43% of those in suburban areas and just 37% of those in
rural areas.
College basketball also has a high proportion of non-white fans, but the differences are not nearly as pronounced as they are for pro basketball. More whites (46%) and fewer blacks (54%) are fans of college basketball when compared to pro basketball. College basketball also does not show nearly the age differences that pro basketball does, as the difference in fan support among the youngest Americans (50% of 18-29 years old) and the oldest Americans (43% of those 65 and over) is only seven percentage points. College basketball does exhibit regional differences, as 52% of those in the Midwest compared to 44% of those in the East and 44% of those in the West consider themselves fans of the sport. Educational differences also exist, with those holding a college degree more likely than those who do not to be fans of college basketball. Similar to college football, a slightly greater proportion of married people (51%) as compared to non-married people (43%) are fans of college basketball. As pointed out earlier, fans of pro basketball and college football are especially likely to be fans of college basketball.
Auto Racing
About four in 10 Americans say they are fans of auto racing. Auto
racing fans are especially likely to be male (48% of males are auto
racing fans compared to 30% of females) and also white (41% of
whites compared to 29% of non-whites). Fans of the sport also tend
to be younger, as 46% of Americans below the age of 30 are fans
compared to just 26% of Americans age 65 and over. Auto racing is
the only sport for which more Americans living in rural areas (42%)
are fans than are Americans living in suburban (40%) or urban areas
(35%). About half of Americans living in the Midwest say they are
racing fans, while in each of the other regions less than four in
10 say they are fans. Racing fans are less likely to hold college
degrees -- nearly half of those with a high school diploma or less
are fans of auto racing, but only 32% of those with any college
education are.
Professional Golf
Thirty-six percent of Americans say they are fans of professional
golf. Golf fans tend to be older (48% of Americans 65 and older are
golf fans, compared to just 29% of 18-29 year olds) and to come
from higher income households. There is a rather large gender gap
among golf fans, as 44% of men are fans of the sport compared to
just 28% of women. Golf fans exhibit very little differences
according to race, region, and place of residence.
Professional Ice Hockey
Of the major team sports, professional ice hockey has the smallest
fan base in the United States, with 31% of Americans saying they
are fans of the sport. Hockey fans tend to be very young -- 40% of
18-29 year olds say they are hockey fans compared to just 19% of
those 65 and older. In fact, of the 11 sports tested, only
professional wrestling has a lower proportion of fans among the
oldest Americans. Whites are nearly twice as likely to be fans of
hockey as are blacks. Hockey exhibits fairly strong regional
differences as well, with much greater fan support in the East
(38%) and West (36%) than in the South (20%). Only about one in
five Americans (22%) living in rural areas are fans of ice hockey,
while 36% of those living in suburban areas are.
Professional Tennis
Twenty-eight percent of Americans are fans of professional tennis.
Men and women are about equally likely to be fans of tennis, making
tennis the sport with the greatest appeal to women outside of
figure skating. Tennis also shows very small differences by age.
Tennis fans are likely to come from higher socioeconomic
backgrounds, as those with more education and higher incomes are
much more likely to be fans of the sport than are those with less
education and lower incomes. Those residing in the west are most
likely to be tennis fans (37%), much higher than those in the
Midwest (20%), South (27%) and East (30%). Those living in rural
areas are not very likely to be fans of tennis -- only 19% are
compared to 34% of Americans living in urban areas and 30% of those
living in suburban areas.
Professional Wrestling
Of the 11 sports tested, professional wrestling has the fewest
fans, with only 15% of Americans claiming to be fans. Wrestling
fans are heavily skewed toward the youngest Americans -- 30% of
18-29 year olds are fans of the sport, with the numbers falling
sharply to just 14% among 30-49 year olds, 10% of 50-64 year olds,
and only 7% of those 65 years and older. Wrestling fans tend to
have less formal education, as 22% of Americans with a high school
diploma or less are fans, compared to just 6% of Americans with a
college degree. Similar patterns are also evident by income. Men
are slightly more likely to be fans of professional wrestling than
are women.
Survey Methods
These results are based on telephone interviews with a randomly selected national sample of 1,024 adults, 18 years and older, conducted March 26-28, 2001. For results based on this sample, one can say with 95 percent confidence that the maximum error attributable to sampling and other random effects is plus or minus 3 percentage points. In addition to sampling error, question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of public opinion polls. The analyses here are based on logistic regression, and predict the likelihood of being a fan of each sport based on the demographic characteristics, while taking into account and controlling the effect each characteristic has on being a fan.
