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Fear of Conventional Crime at Record Lows

Fear of Conventional Crime at Record Lows

GALLUP NEWS SERVICE

PRINCETON, NJ -- A new Gallup poll finds that the war on terrorism at home and abroad comes at a time when Americans are feeling safer from crime than they have at any other point in over 30 years. National crime rates have steadily declined over the past decade, and, despite the shock of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, Americans increasingly recognize this positive trend.

Compared to last year at about this time, the Oct. 11-14 survey shows that Americans are more likely to feel safe in their neighborhoods, less likely to worry about being the victim of a serious crime, and more likely to feel that major American cities, including New York and Washington, D.C., are safe to live in and visit. Close to half of Americans now believe that crime nationwide is declining, the highest level of optimism about crime recorded in over 10 years. There has also been a slight increase in confidence in the police to protect people from violent crime.

Despite these positive changes in public perceptions about crime, the fact remains that roughly half of Americans are less than optimistic, saying they believe crime rates have risen or stayed the same over the past year, when in fact crime has dropped by a record amount.

Dampening the positive ramifications that declining public concern over crime might otherwise have on Americans' way of life, the survey shows that Americans are spending more time these days worrying about terrorism than about conventional crime. Close to half of Americans surveyed, 47%, say they frequently or occasionally worry about becoming a terrorist victim, compared to less than half that number who worry about being the victim of conventional violent crimes, such as muggings.

Declining Crime Rates Sinking In

Serious crime began to decline in the mid-1990s and has continued downward ever since. In 1993, the rate of violent crimes in the United States was 54 cases per 1,000 persons aged 12 and older, and the rate of property crimes, such as burglary and car theft, was 319 cases per 1,000. In 2000 these rates were 29 and 178, respectively, representing a nearly 50% reduction in crime over this short period. Last year alone, the nation's violent crime rate fell by 14% -- the largest one-year decline ever recorded by the Justice Department. At the same time, property crime fell by 10%.

Today, despite the major declines in crime during 2000, responses to a Gallup question that has been asked for a number of years shows that only 43% of Americans believe there is less crime in the United States today than there was a year ago. A similar number, 41%, believe there is more crime today while 10% believe it has remained the same.

Gallup polling indicates that while a majority of Americans apparently remain unaware of the lower crime rates, more Americans are catching on. The public's pessimism about crime peaked in 1992 when 89% believed there was more crime in the United States than there was the year prior -- a correct judgement at the time. That figure has steadily dropped in subsequent years, to 71% in 1996, 52% in 1998, 47% in 2000 and 41% today, the lowest in the 12 years Gallup has been asking the question.

Public perceptions about changes in crime rates locally have followed a pattern similar to perceptions of national crime, but the overall negative assessment of local crime is consistently lower. For both the national and local levels, Americans' negative assessment of crime rates is now less than half of what it was in 1992. In 1992, 89% of Americans felt there was more crime in the United States than there was in the prior year and 54% felt there was more crime in their area. Today these figures are 41% and 26%, respectively.

Public Perceptions of Crime Rates

Personal Fear Down as Well

Just as Americans are increasingly likely to recognize that crime is less of a problem in their area and the nation than it was in previous years, fewer Americans express fear for their personal safety in their local area. In 1993, 43% of Americans said there was an area within a mile of their home where they would be afraid to walk alone at night. Today that figure is only 30%. The last time Gallup found public fear of walking alone at night in their area this low was in 1968.

Women are twice as likely as men to indicate fear for their safety in their local area: 39% of women say there is an area within a mile where they would be afraid to walk alone, compared to only 19% of men. Not surprisingly, 42% of residents of urban areas express this concern, compared to only a quarter of those living in either suburban (25%) or rural areas (27%). Only minor differences in fear are seen among people of various age groups, but there are large differences by household income. Only 18% of those earning high incomes (those making $75,000 or more) say they would be fearful in walking alone at night near their home, compared to 43% of those in the lowest income bracket (those earning less than $20,000). This is consistent with crime statistics showing that the poor are much more likely to be the victims of crime, particularly violent crime.

Along with declining personal fear, Gallup finds an increase from last year in public confidence in the police to protect people from violent crime. Two-thirds of Americans, 66%, now express high levels of confidence in the police on this measure, up from 62% last year. Confidence was at a higher point in 1999, when 70% rated the police this highly, but prior to that it was substantially lower, registering only 55% in 1998 and registering below 50% in 1981, 1989 and 1993.

Terrorist Fears Weigh More Heavily Than Crime

According to the new survey, Americans are more likely to worry about being the victim of terrorism than they are to worry about being murdered, mugged, robbed, carjacked, or any of several other serious crimes -- although the difference between worry about terrorism and some of these more conventional crimes is not large. Close to half of Americans interviewed in the Oct. 11-14 survey -- 47% -- say they frequently or occasionally worry about being the victim of terrorism, compared to an average of only 23% who worry this often about conventional crimes.

Americans' top concerns, aside from terrorism, are having their car stolen or broken into (41% frequently or occasionally worry about this) and having their home burglarized when they are not there (40%). Close to a third of Americans, 31%, worry about a school-aged child of theirs being physically harmed while at school.

Violent crimes register far less worry, ranging from 23% who worry about getting mugged, down to 13% who worry about getting murdered. Just 13% also worry about being the victim of a hate crime. And only 7% of all Americans, including just 9% of those who work, say they worry about being assaulted or killed in the workplace by another employee.

Crime Worries
Oct. 11-14, 2001

Looking just at the percentage of Americans who "frequently" worry about each crime helps to highlight the terror in terrorism. More than one in five Americans, 21%, tell Gallup that they worry frequently about being the victim of terrorism. This is 50% greater than the 14% who worry this much about the second-ranked concern of having a car stolen or broken into. It is up to five times greater than the number who frequently worry about conventional types of violent crime such as getting mugged (6%), murdered (4%) or sexually assaulted (4%).

It should be noted that, taking into account all those injured or killed by the terrorism of Sept. 11, and all those testing positive for anthrax exposure in recent weeks, the number of people who have been terrorist victims is very small compared to those who have been victims of conventional crime. Roughly one in 15,000 Americans are among the victims of terrorism since Sept. 11, compared to the incidence of conventional crime, which is one in five.

Most Major Cities Now Considered "Safe"

Since 1990, Gallup has asked Americans to rate the safety of 14 large American cities, and, over this period, the number of cities considered "safe" to live in or visit has increased from five to nine. Originally, only Dallas, Seattle, Houston, Boston and Minneapolis on the list were considered safe by a majority of Americans. But added to their number today are San Francisco, Atlanta, Chicago and Philadelphia.

Despite the fact that New York and Washington, D.C. were recently targeted for devastating terrorist attacks, all of the 14 major American cities tested by Gallup between 1990 and today have seen improved ratings for their perceived safety. In fact, New York has seen the largest improvement in public perceptions of its safety of any large American city over the past decade. Only 11% of Americans considered the Big Apple safe in 1990, compared to 33% a year ago and 41% today. However, a majority, 57%, still consider it unsafe.

In addition to New York, more people also continue to see Miami, Los Angeles, Detroit, and Washington, D.C. as unsafe than see them as safe. Of all the cities in this group, Los Angeles has had the least improvement in public perceptions since 1990, with the number calling it safe increasing by only 13 points, compared to 22 points for Miami and 21 for both Detroit and Washington, D.C.

Minneapolis and Seattle have swapped first and second place on Gallup's Safe Cities ranking since 1990, and this year, Minneapolis emerged the winner. Several cities receive similar scores at the bottom of the list this year, including Los Angeles, Miami and Detroit, with New York and Washington slightly higher.

But to prove size alone doesn't determine one's reputation for safety, Miami and Minneapolis are the two smallest cities on Gallup's list of 14 tested, nevertheless they sit on opposite ends of the rankings.

Perception of Cities as Safe to Live In or Visit

2001 Oct 11-14

(sorted by "net safe")

Net Safe

Safe

Unsafe

%

%

%

Rank

1

Minneapolis

64

77

13

2

Seattle

52

73

21

3

Dallas

43

68

25

4

Boston

39

66

27

5

Houston

35

64

29

6

San Francisco

33

64

31

7

Atlanta

29

62

33

8

Philadelphia

27

60

33

9

Chicago

10

53

43

10

Washington, D.C.

-12

43

55

11

New York

-16

41

57

12

Detroit

-16

39

55

13

Miami

-17

39

56

14

Los Angeles

-18

39

57

Americans Bolder About Going Out

Perhaps because of improved perceptions of safety over the past year, two common methods of crime prevention used by Americans have seen declines since 2000.

  • The percentage of Americans who report that they avoid going to certain places or neighborhoods because of concern over crime has dropped fairly sharply, from 56% in 2000 to 43% today.
  • Over the same period, there has been a slight decline in the percentage of Americans who say they have installed special locks in their home, from 39% to 32%.

In all other areas of crime prevention measured, there has been no change in personal behavior since 2000. Roughly one-third (32% today) say they keep a dog for protection, just under one-quarter have installed a burglar alarm in their home (23%) or have bought a gun for protection (21%). Slightly fewer (17%) say they have taken a self-defense course and the same number say they carry mace or pepper spray. Just 11% and 9%, respectively, say they carry either a gun or a knife for self-defense.

Crime Prevention Methods
Oct. 11-14, 2001

Gun Ownership Unchanged

Since Sept. 11 there have been some news reports of widespread gun purchasing around the country. However, Gallup finds no significant increase in the percentage of Americans who say they have a gun in their home, compared to last year. The figure is 40% today -- similar to the average rate of 40.5% recorded in 2000. Thus, to the extent these reports are true, it may be that people who already own firearms are making the purchases, rather than new gun owners.

Survey Methods

These results are based on telephone interviews with a randomly selected national sample of 1,011 adults, 18 years and older, conducted Oct. 11-14, 2001. For results based on this sample, one can say with 95 percent confidence that the maximum error attributable to sampling and other random effects is plus or minus 3 percentage points. In addition to sampling error, question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of public opinion polls.

Is there more crime in your area than there was a year ago, or less?

 

 

More

Less

SAME (vol.)

No opinion

 

%

%

%

%

         

2001 Oct 11-14

26

52

18

4

         

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

34

46

15

5

1998 Oct 23-25

31

48

16

5

1997 Aug 22-25

46

32

20

2

1996 Jul 25-28

46

24

25

5

1992 Feb 28-Mar 1

54

19

23

4

1990 Sep 10-11

51

18

24

8

1989 Jun 8-11

53

18

22

7

1989 Jan 24-28

47

21

27

5

1983 Jan 28-31

37

17

36

10

1981 Jan 9-12

54

8

29

9

1977 Nov 18-21

43

17

32

8

1975 Jun 27-30

50

12

29

9

1972 Dec 8-11

51

10

27

12

         

(vol.) Volunteered response



Is there more crime in the U.S. than there was a year ago, or less?

 

 

More

Less

SAME (vol.)

No opinion

 

%

%

%

%

         

2001 Oct 11-14

41

43

10

6

         

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

47

41

7

5

1998 Oct 23-25

52

35

8

5

1997 Aug 22-25

64

25

6

5

1996 Jul 25-28

71

15

8

6

1993 Oct 13-18

87

4

5

4

1992 Feb 28-Mar 1

89

3

4

4

1990 Sep 10

84

3

7

6

1989 Jan 24-28

84

5

5

6

         

(vol.) Volunteered response



Is there any area near where you live -- that is, within a mile -- where you would be afraid to walk alone at night?

 

 

Yes

No

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

30

69

1

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

34

66

*

1997 Aug 22-25

38

61

1

1996 Jul 25-28

39

60

1

1994 Dec 19-26

39

60

--

1993 Oct 13-18

43

56

1

1992 Feb 28-Mar 1

44

56

--

1990 Sep 10-11

40

59

--

1989 Jan 24-28

43

57

--

1983 Jan 28-31

45

55

*

1982 Jan 22-25

48

52

*

1981 Jan 16-23

53

46

1

1981 Jan 9-12

45

55

--

1979 Nov 2-5

42

58

--

1977 Nov 18-21

45

55

--

1975 Jun 27-30

45

55

--

1972 Dec 8-11

42

57

1

1968 Sep 19-24

35

62

3

1968

31

69

--

1967 Aug 3-8

31

67

3

1965 Apr 2-7

34

66

--

       

* Less than 0.5%



How much confidence do you have in the ability of the police to protect you from violent crime -- a great deal, quite a lot, not very much, or none at all?

 

 

A great
deal

Quite
a lot

Not very
much

None
at all

No
opinion

 

%

%

%

%

%

           

2001 Oct 11-14

25

41

27

6

1

           

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

20

42

31

6

1

1999 Mar 5-7

29

41

25

4

1

1998 Oct 23-25

19

36

37

8

*

1995 Sep 22-24

20

30

39

9

2

1993 Oct 13-18

14

31

45

9

1

1989

14

34

42

8

2

1985

15

37

39

6

3

1981

15

34

42

8

1



How often do you, yourself, worry about the following things -- frequently, occasionally, rarely or never? First , ... Next, … [ITEMS A-J ROTATED, THEN ITEM K READ]

A. Getting murdered

 

 


Frequently


Occasionally


Rarely


Never

DOESN'T APPLY (vol.)

No
opinion

             

2001 Oct 11-14

4%

9

31

56

*

*

             

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

6%

12

31

51

*

*



B. Getting mugged

 

 


Frequently


Occasionally


Rarely


Never

DOESN'T APPLY (vol.)

No
opinion

             

2001 Oct 11-14

6%

17

36

41

*

*

             

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

9%

21

33

36

1

*



C. Your home being burglarized when you are not there

 

 


Frequently


Occasionally


Rarely


Never

DOESN'T APPLY (vol.)

No
opinion

             

2001 Oct 11-14

12%

28

33

26

*

1

             

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

16%

32

28

24

0

*



D. Your home being burglarized when you are there

 

 


Frequently


Occasionally


Rarely


Never

DOESN'T APPLY (vol.)

No
opinion

             

2001 Oct 11-14

6%

16

33

45

*

*

             

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

10%

21

30

39

*

0



E. Being sexually assaulted

 

 


Frequently


Occasionally


Rarely


Never

DOESN'T APPLY (vol.)

No
opinion

             

2001 Oct 11-14

4%

15

24

57

*

*

             

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5 ^

7%

16

24

52

1

*

             

^ WORDING: Being raped or sexually assaulted



F. Being attacked while driving your car

 

 


Frequently


Occasionally


Rarely


Never

DOESN'T APPLY (vol.)

No
opinion

             

2001 Oct 11-14

6%

15

29

46

4

*

             

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

9%

20

29

40

2

*



G. Having your car stolen or broken into

 

 


Frequently


Occasionally


Rarely


Never

DOESN'T APPLY (vol.)

No
opinion

             

2001 Oct 11-14

14%

27

30

26

3

*

             

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

16%

32

26

24

2

*



H. Being the victim of a hate crime

 

 


Frequently


Occasionally


Rarely


Never

DOESN'T APPLY (vol.)

No
opinion

             

2001 Oct 11-14

5%

8

26

60

*

1

             

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

6%

10

26

56

1

1



I. Being assaulted or killed by a co-worker or other employee where you work

 

 


Frequently


Occasionally


Rarely


Never

DOESN'T APPLY (vol.)

No
opinion

             

2001 Oct 11-14

2%

5

18

62

13

*

             

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

1%

6

18

62

12

1



J. Having a school-aged child of yours physically harmed while attending school

 

 


Frequently


Occasionally


Rarely


Never

DOESN'T APPLY (vol.)

No
opinion

             

2001 Oct 11-14

13%

18

18

23

28

*

             

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

17%

17

17

22

27

*



K. Being a victim of terrorism

 

 


Frequently


Occasionally


Rarely


Never

DOESN'T APPLY (vol.)

No
opinion

             

2001 Oct 11-14

21%

26

28

25

*

*

             
             

* Less than 0.5%

(vol.) Volunteered response



FEAR OF CRIME SUMMARY TABLE

 

2001 Oct 11-14
(sorted by "frequently")


Frequently


Occasionally

Rarely or Never

 

%

%

%

Being the victim of terrorism

21

26

53

Having your car stolen or broken into

14

27

56

Having a school-aged child of yours physically harmed while attending school

13

18

41

Your home being burglarized when you are not there

12

28

59

Getting mugged

6

17

77

Being attacked while driving your car

6

15

75

Your home being burglarized when you are there

6

16

78

Being the victim of a hate crime

5

8

86

Getting murdered

4

9

87

Being sexually assaulted

4

15

81

Being assaulted or killed by a co-worker or other employee where you work

2

5

80



Now thinking about some large cities, both those you have visited and those you have never visited, from what you know and have read, do you consider each of the following cities to be safe to live in or visit, or not? How about …[RANDOM ORDER]

ITEMS A-G: BASED ON -- 485 -- NATIONAL ADULTS IN FORM A; ± 5 PCT. PTS.

ITEMS H-N: BASED ON -- 526 -- NATIONAL ADULTS IN FORM B; ± 5 PCT. PTS.

A. Miami

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

39

56

5

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

31

65

4

1993 Sep 13-15

16

80

4

1990 Sep 10-11

17

76

7



 

B. Los Angeles

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

39

57

4

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

29

67

4

1993 Sep 13-15

22

73

5

1990 Sep 10-11

26

64

10



 

C. Detroit

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

39

55

6

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

33

60

7

1993 Sep 13-15

26

65

9

1990 Sep 10-11

18

68

14



 

D. San Francisco

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

64

31

5

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

58

37

5

1993 Sep 13-15

52

42

6

1990 Sep 10-11

44

43

13



 

E. Atlanta

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

62

33

5

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

56

37

7

1993 Sep 13-15

59

31

10

1990 Sep 10-11

45

39

16



 

F. Dallas

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

68

25

7

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

62

29

9

1993 Sep 13-15

66

24

10

1990 Sep 10-11

55

26

19



 

G. Seattle

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

73

21

6

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

76

17

7

1993 Sep 13-15

73

17

10

1990 Sep 10-11

68

16

16



 

H. New York

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

41

57

2

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

33

64

3

1993 Sep 13-15

20

76

4

1990 Sep 10-11

11

85

4



 

I. Washington, D.C.

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

43

55

2

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

36

58

6

1993 Sep 13-15

29

66

5

1990 Sep 10-11

22

71

7



 

J. Chicago

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

53

43

4

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

44

51

5

1993 Sep 13-15

34

60

6

1990 Sep 10-11

26

65

9



 

K. Philadelphia

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

60

33

7

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

50

42

8

1993 Sep 13-15

51

37

12

1990 Sep 10-11

40

40

20



 

L. Houston

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

64

29

7

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

59

31

10

1993 Sep 13-15

63

26

11

1990 Sep 10-11

55

25

20



 

M. Boston

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

66

27

7

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

64

30

6

1993 Sep 13-15

64

24

12

1990 Sep 10-11

53

29

18



 

N. Minneapolis

 

 

Safe

Unsafe

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

77

13

10

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

70

18

12

1993 Sep 13-15

74

13

13

1990 Sep 10-11

66

11

23



 

 

SUMMARY TABLE OF SAFENESS

 

2001 Oct 11-14
(sorted by "safe")


2001 Oct


2000 Aug


1993 Sep


1990 Sep

%

%

%

%

Minneapolis

77

70

74

66

Seattle

73

76

73

68

Dallas

68

62

66

55

Boston

66

64

64

53

Houston

64

59

63

55

San Francisco

64

58

52

44

Atlanta

62

56

59

45

Philadelphia

60

50

51

40

Chicago

53

44

34

26

Washington, D.C.

43

36

29

22

New York

41

33

20

11

Detroit

39

33

26

18

Los Angeles

39

29

22

26

Miami

39

31

16

17



Next, I'm going to read some things people do because of their concern over crime. Please tell me which, if any, of these things you, yourself, do or have done. First, ... Next, ... [RANDOM ORDER]

A. Keep a dog for protection

 

 

Yes

No

No opinion

       

2001 Oct 11-14

32%

68

*

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

32%

68

*



B. Bought a gun for protection of yourself or your home

 

 

Yes

No

No opinion

       

2001 Oct 11-14

21%

78

1

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

22%

78

*



C. Had special locks installed in your home

 

 

Yes

No

No opinion

       

2001 Oct 11-14

32%

67

1

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

39%

60

1



D. Carry a gun for defense

 

 

Yes

No

No opinion

       

2001 Oct 11-14

11%

89

*

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

12%

87

1



E Carry a knife for defense

 

 

Yes

No

No opinion

       

2001 Oct 11-14

9%

91

*

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

10%

90

*



F. Had a burglar alarm installed in your home

 

 

Yes

No

No opinion

       

2001 Oct 11-14

23%

76

1

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

23%

76

1



G. Carry mace or pepper spray

 

 

Yes

No

No opinion

       

2001 Oct 11-14

17%

83

*

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

18%

82

*



H. Avoid going to certain places or neighborhoods you might otherwise want to go to

 

 

Yes

No

No opinion

       

2001 Oct 11-14

43%

56

1

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

56%

44

*



I. Taken a self-defense course

 

 

Yes

No

No opinion

       

2001 Oct 11-14

17%

83

*

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

18%

82

*

       
       

* Less than 0.5%



CRIME PREVENTION MEASURES SUMMARY TABLE

 

2001 Oct 11-14
(sorted by "yes")


Yes


No

 

%

%

Avoid going to certain places/neighborhoods you might otherwise want to go to

43

56

Had special locks installed on your home

32

67

Keep a dog for protection

32

68

Had a burglar alarm installed in your home

23

76

Bought a gun for protection of yourself and your home

21

78

Taken a self-defense course

17

83

Carry mace or pepper spray

17

83

Carry a gun for defense

11

89

Carry a knife for defense

9

91



Do you have a gun in your home?

 

 

Yes

No

No opinion

 

%

%

%

       

2001 Oct 11-14

40

59

1

       

2000 Aug 29-Sep 5

39

60

1

2000 Apr 7-9

42

57

1

1999 Apr 26-27

34

64

2

1999 Feb 8-9

36

62

2

1997 Aug 22-25

42

57

1

1996 Nov 21-24

44

54

2

1996 Jul 25-28

38

60

2

1993 Oct 13-18

51

48

1

1993 Mar 12-14

48

51

1

1991

46

53

1

1990

47

52

1

1989

47

51

2

1985

44

55

1

1983

40

58

2

1980

45

53

2

1975

44

54

2

1972

43

55

2

1968

50

50

--

1965

48

52

--

1959

49

51

--




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