PRINCETON, NJ -- Americans' views of seven industries are substantially improved this year, based on increases of 10 points or more in the industries' net positive ratings. The banking, travel, and real estate industries show the greatest improvements. Healthcare is the only industry to see a decline of at least 10 points, although the retail, computer, and pharmaceutical industries were close to that threshold.
The results are based on Gallup's annual Work and Education poll, conducted Aug. 7-11. Each year since 2001, Gallup has asked Americans to rate 25 different business sectors and industries on a five-point scale ranging from "very positive" to "very negative." The net ratings are the difference between the positive and negative ratings for each industry.
Broader improvement in the economy and increased consumer confidence may be behind the more positive ratings of the banking, real estate, travel, airline, and automobile industries.
Despite improving the most this year, the banking industry continues to be rated more negatively than positively by Americans. But its ratings are the best since 2008, a month before the financial crisis threatened the existence of AIG and other major financial institutions. And prior to the 2008-2009 recession, Americans had a significantly more positive than negative view of banking.
The improvements in ratings of the real estate industry likely are due to the recovery of the housing market from the depths of the housing crisis. Now, about as many Americans view that industry positively as negatively, for the first time since 2007.
This year's decline in ratings of the healthcare industry may be partly explained by a normalizing of its ratings after a sharp increase last year. The increased negativity may also be related to increased news media coverage of the Affordable Care Act, as some of its major provisions are set to go into effect in the coming months. The healthcare industry has never been rated more positively than negatively, although even with this year's decline, its ratings currently are better than they were for much of the last decade.
Computer Industry Remains on Top
Ratings of the computer industry declined this year, after a record year last year. In 2012, 73% of Americans rated the computer industry positively, the highest for any industry in any year. This year, positive ratings of computers are down eight percentage points to 65%, accounting for most of the nine-point decline in the industry's net positive rating.
Despite the decline, the computer industry remains the most positively rated industry overall, with a +54 net positive rating. The restaurant industry and farming and agriculture are rated the next-most positively.
At the other end of the spectrum, Americans are most negative toward the oil and gas industry and the federal government. A majority of Americans rate each negatively, the only two with that dubious distinction.
The computer industry has had the highest net positive rating each of the last six years. Since 2001, either the computer or the restaurant industry has topped the list.
The oil and gas industry has most commonly been the poorest-rated industry; it has been last or statistically tied for last in all 13 years the question has been asked. The federal government has ranked at the bottom with the oil and gas industry each of the last three years.
Implications
Americans' ratings of several industries are more positive this year than last, particularly banking, travel, and real estate. Both banking and real estate have more ground to make up to return to their formerly positive ratings from before the recession, housing, and financial crises. But they are at least back to where they were when the recession started.
At the same time, a number of industries' images declined in the last year, in particular healthcare, but also the retail, pharmaceutical, and computer industries.
Most industries' ratings suffered during the recession. In 2008, 13 industries had net negative ratings. That number is down to eight this year, including real estate and electric and gas utilities, with scores of -1.
Thus, as the economy has shown signs of improvement, Americans' views of many U.S. industries have improved. So a healthier economy will likely boost industry ratings, in addition to the effects from more industry-specific improvements that have occurred recently in the real estate and automobile industries.
Survey Methods
Results for this Gallup poll are based on telephone interviews conducted Aug. 7-11, 2013, with a random sample of 2,013 adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.
Each respondent rated a subset of 13 of the 25 industry ratings, resulting in rating by roughly 1,000 Americans for each industry.
For results based on the total sample of national adults, one can say with 95% confidence that the margin of sampling error is ±4 percentage points.
Interviews are conducted with respondents on landline telephones and cellular phones, with interviews conducted in Spanish for respondents who are primarily Spanish-speaking. Each sample of national adults includes a minimum quota of 50% cellphone respondents and 50% landline respondents, with additional minimum quotas by region. Landline and cell telephone numbers are selected using random-digit-dial methods. Landline respondents are chosen at random within each household on the basis of which member had the most recent birthday.
Samples are weighted to correct for unequal selection probability, nonresponse, and double coverage of landline and cell users in the two sampling frames. They are also weighted to match the national demographics of gender, age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, education, region, population density, and phone status (cellphone only/landline only/both, and cellphone mostly). Demographic weighting targets are based on the March 2012 Current Population Survey figures for the aged 18 and older U.S. population. Phone status targets are based on the July-December 2011 National Health Interview Survey. Population density targets are based on the 2010 census. All reported margins of sampling error include the computed design effects for weighting.
In addition to sampling error, question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of public opinion polls.
View methodology, full question results, and trend data.
For more details on Gallup's polling methodology, visit www.gallup.com.
