Race Relations

Line graph. In Gallup's latest reading, from July 2021, 43% of White adults currently believe relations between White and Black people are very or somewhat good. 33% of Black adults say the same.

Next, we'd like to know how you would rate relations between various groups in the United States these days. Would you say relations between -- White and Black people -- are very good, somewhat good, somewhat bad or very bad?

	Very good	Somewhat good	Somewhat bad	Very bad	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	8	34	34	23	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	7	37	31	24	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	10	41	30	17	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	7	46	32	14	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	9	38	36	17	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	13	57	23	7	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	10	58	23	7	2
2007 Jun 4-24	10	61	24	4	1
2006 Jun 8-25	9	55	25	9	2
2005 Jun 6-25	11	57	23	6	3
2004 Jun 9-30	13	59	20	6	2
2003 Jun 12-18	10	58	24	6	2
2002 Jun 3-9	8	61	23	5	3
2001 Jun 11-17	6	57	28	7	2
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	8	35	35	21	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	8	38	33	21	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	11	43	31	14	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	7	48	32	12	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	8	37	40	14	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	14	58	22	5	*
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	11	59	23	6	1
2007 Jun 4-24	11	64	23	2	*
2006 Jun 8-25	10	57	26	6	2
2005 Jun 6-25	11	61	22	5	1
2004 Jun 9-30	13	61	20	5	1
2003 Jun 12-15	10	59	25	5	1
2002 Jun 3-6	7	63	24	3	3
2001 Jun 11-17	6	56	30	6	2
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	4	29	35	31	--
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	4	32	29	34	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	5	35	29	30	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	7	42	29	21	*
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	10	41	24	24	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	8	58	24	9	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	7	54	23	14	1
2007 Jun 4-24	7	48	31	12	2
2006 Jun 8-25	7	55	22	14	2
2005 Jun 6-25	10	55	20	13	2
2004 Jun 9-30	12	56	21	8	3
2003 Jun 12-18	9	50	26	13	2
2002 Jun 3-9	9	59	18	13	1
2001 Jun 11-17	8	62	17	11	2
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	9	36	37	19	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	11	41	27	20	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	9	44	29	16	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	10	37	32	20	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	12	52	28	8	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	7	50	27	10	6
2007 Jun 4-24	9	50	25	10	6
2006 Jun 8-25	10	48	24	14	5
2005 Jun 6-25	11	47	27	11	4
2004 Jun 9-30	12	49	21	10	8
2003 Jun 12-18	11	57	19	9	4
2002 Jun 3-9	9	53	25	9	4
2001 Jun 11-17	8	57	18	14	3
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, I'm going to read a list of problems facing the country. For each one, please tell me if you personally worry about this problem a great deal, a fair amount, only a little or not at all. How much do you personally worry about race relations?

	Great deal	Fair amount	Only a little	Not at all	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
2024 Mar 1-20	35	29	22	14	1
2023 Mar 1-23	38	27	21	14	*
2022 Mar 1-18	41	29	17	13	*
2021 Mar 1-15	48	25	16	11	*
2020 Mar 2-13	31	27	23	19	1
2019 Mar 1-10	40	26	17	17	1
2018 Mar 1-8	37	27	18	17	1
2017 Mar 1-5	42	27	17	12	1
2016 Mar 2-6	35	27	20	17	*
2015 Mar 5-8	28	27	24	20	1
2014 Mar 6-9 ^	17	26	29	27	1
2013 Mar 7-10	18	26	30	23	2
2012 Mar 8-11	17	27	30	25	1
2011 Mar 3-6	16	28	29	25	1
2010 Mar 4-7	13	28	33	26	1
2008 Mar 6-9	18	27	31	23	1
2007 Mar 11-14	19	32	30	18	1
2006 Mar 13-16	22	36	23	19	*
2005 Mar 7-10	16	21	36	26	1
2004 Mar 8-11	19	23	34	23	1
2003 Mar 24-25	22	31	26	21	*
2002 Mar 4-7	23	25	30	21	1
2001 Mar 5-7	28	34	23	15	*
^ Asked of a half sample; * Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you feel about the state of the nation in each of the following areas. For each one, please say whether you are -- very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied or very dissatisfied. If you don't have enough information about a particular subject to rate it, just say so. How about -- the state of race relations?

	Very satisfied	Somewhat satisfied	Somewhat dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
2024	7	23	33	27	10
2023	7	24	31	30	8
2022	7	21	30	38	4
2021	7	16	25	46	6
2020	7	29	33	25	6
2019	8	22	31	33	7
2018	6	23	28	36	7
2017	5	17	31	41	6
2016	3	24	30	34	9
2015	6	24	32	30	8
2014	10	45	24	11	10
2013	11	39	27	14	9
2012	10	41	26	14	9
2008	8	43	28	12	9
2007	10	40	29	13	8
2006	10	42	27	13	7
2005	9	44	24	13	10
2004	9	45	30	10	6
2003	8	41	30	14	7
2002	8	45	28	13	6
2001	5	39	34	14	8
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you feel about the state of the nation in each of the following areas. For each one, please say whether you are -- very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied or very dissatisfied. If you don't have enough information about a particular subject to rate it, just say so. How about -- the position of Blacks and other racial minorities in the nation?

	Very satisfied	Somewhat satisfied	Somewhat dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
2024 Jan 2-22	12	31	27	17	13
2023 Jan 2-22	11	30	27	22	10
2022 Jan 3-16	11	29	28	25	7
2021 Jan 4-15	9	26	22	34	10
2020 Jan 2-15	16	30	23	23	8
2019 Jan 2-10	13	30	23	26	7
2018 Jan 2-7	11	28	24	29	8
2017 Jan 4-8	9	28	28	24	10
2016 Jan 6-10	8	35	27	18	12
2008 Jan 4-6	14	44	24	10	9
2007 Jan 15-18	13	42	25	12	8
2006 Jan 9-12	13	40	22	13	11
2005 Jan 3-5	15	42	23	12	8
2004 Jan 12-15	12	45	25	11	7
2003 Jan 13-16	11	45	25	11	8
2002 Jan 7-9	12	46	24	12	6
2001 Jan 10-14	10	43	27	13	7
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you would rate relations between various groups in the United States these days. Would you say relations between -- White and Hispanic people -- are very good, somewhat good, somewhat bad or very bad?

	Very good	Somewhat good	Somewhat bad	Very bad	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	14	48	27	11	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	10	52	27	10	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	13	49	27	9	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	11	55	26	7	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	14	55	25	4	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	13	57	24	5	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	10	55	27	6	2
2007 Jun 4-24	9	57	21	7	6
2006 Jun 8-25	13	47	30	7	3
2005 Jun 6-25	11	59	23	3	4
2004 Jun 9-30	13	61	19	4	3
2003 Jun 12-18	12	61	20	4	3
2002 Jun 3-9	7	61	22	5	5
2001 Jun 11-17	7	59	26	4	4
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	14	50	26	9	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	10	53	28	8	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	14	51	26	6	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	11	57	24	6	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	13	56	26	3	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	14	58	24	4	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	9	56	30	5	1
2007 Jun 4-24	9	59	19	6	6
2006 Jun 8-25	13	48	32	4	3
2005 Jun 6-25	10	63	24	1	2
2004 Jun 9-30	12	62	20	4	2
2003 Jun 12-15	11	61	22	3	3
2002 Jun 3-6	7	61	23	4	5
2001 Jun 11-17	6	61	25	4	4
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	8	45	30	15	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	5	38	32	23	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	6	37	34	20	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	9	45	30	13	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	10	53	26	9	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	10	53	25	10	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	10	48	24	10	7
2007 Jun 4-24	8	45	29	12	6
2006 Jun 8-25	9	46	26	14	5
2005 Jun 6-25	11	50	22	6	11
2004 Jun 9-30	12	50	22	4	12
2003 Jun 12-18	9	52	24	6	9
2002 Jun 3-9	8	52	21	11	8
2001 Jun 11-17	7	48	28	9	8
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	17	47	24	12	--
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	15	49	23	12	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	12	55	25	8	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	18	55	22	6	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	12	59	22	6	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	12	59	17	9	3
2007 Jun 4-24	15	55	22	6	2
2006 Jun 8-25	16	52	17	12	3
2005 Jun 6-25	16	51	21	10	2
2004 Jun 9-30	20	56	16	3	5
2003 Jun 12-18	16	68	10	5	1
2002 Jun 3-9	10	66	14	6	4
2001 Jun 11-17	14	55	21	7	3
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you would rate relations between various groups in the United States these days. Would you say relations between -- White and Asian people -- are very good, somewhat good, somewhat bad or very bad?

	Very good	Somewhat good	Somewhat bad	Very bad	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	19	48	24	7	2
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	20	58	17	4	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	24	58	12	2	4
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	27	59	9	2	4
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	28	58	9	1	3
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	30	57	9	1	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	23	58	10	2	7
2007 Jun 4-24	24	56	8	2	10
2006 Jun 8-25	27	56	10	2	5
2005 Jun 6-25	20	59	12	1	8
2004 Jun 9-30	23	58	9	4	6
2003 Jun 12-18	20	62	11	2	5
2002 Jun 3-9	14	63	14	2	7
2001 Jun 11-17	14	62	15	4	5
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	20	48	24	7	2
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	22	59	15	3	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	27	58	10	2	4
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	29	60	7	1	4
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	30	59	8	1	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	33	56	7	1	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	24	59	10	1	5
2007 Jun 4-24	26	57	7	*	10
2006 Jun 8-25	30	57	9	1	3
2005 Jun 6-25	21	60	13	*	6
2004 Jun 9-30	24	60	9	4	3
2003 Jun 12-15	19	64	11	2	4
2002 Jun 3-6	13	64	15	2	6
2001 Jun 11-17	13	64	16	2	5
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	14	47	29	10	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	14	56	21	6	3
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	17	57	17	5	5
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	21	59	12	2	5
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	23	57	12	4	3
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	23	61	9	2	5
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	17	56	12	5	10
2007 Jun 4-24	15	54	15	6	10
2006 Jun 8-25	18	52	17	4	10
2005 Jun 6-25	16	56	11	3	14
2004 Jun 9-30	16	52	13	4	15
2003 Jun 12-18	19	55	15	2	9
2002 Jun 3-9	12	60	13	5	10
2001 Jun 11-17	14	52	20	4	10
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	16	52	22	8	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	19	60	14	3	3
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	20	57	12	3	9
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	26	56	13	1	4
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	20	62	12	2	4
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	18	53	10	4	15
2007 Jun 4-24	18	54	10	3	15
2006 Jun 8-25	22	51	8	9	10
2005 Jun 6-25	17	56	11	5	11
2004 Jun 9-30	25	47	8	5	15
2003 Jun 12-18	19	57	9	3	12
2002 Jun 3-9	18	56	11	4	11
2001 Jun 11-17	8	57	18	8	9
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you would rate relations between various groups in the United States these days. Would you say relations between -- Black and Hispanic people -- are very good, somewhat good, somewhat bad or very bad?

	Very good	Somewhat good	Somewhat bad	Very bad	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	11	56	24	7	2
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	12	54	24	6	4
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	12	52	23	5	7
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	10	54	21	5	9
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	11	49	30	6	4
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	10	50	26	6	7
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	7	42	29	11	11
2007 Jun 4-24	6	43	27	9	15
2006 Jun 8-25	9	39	29	8	15
2005 Jun 6-25	9	47	26	5	13
2004 Jun 9-30	9	53	20	6	12
2003 Jun 12-18	10	50	26	4	10
2002 Jun 3-9	7	46	26	7	14
2001 Jun 11-17	6	43	30	9	12
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	8	54	26	7	3
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	9	52	27	6	6
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	9	51	25	5	10
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	7	52	23	5	12
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	8	46	36	6	5
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	8	48	28	7	10
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	5	38	31	12	14
2007 Jun 4-24	4	42	28	7	19
2006 Jun 8-25	8	33	34	6	19
2005 Jun 6-25	7	46	28	4	15
2004 Jun 9-30	6	52	21	6	15
2003 Jun 12-15	7	48	29	4	12
2002 Jun 3-6	4	42	30	7	17
2001 Jun 11-17	4	38	34	10	14
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	14	64	18	4	--
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	17	61	16	6	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	19	54	19	6	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	20	63	12	4	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	17	62	14	6	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	17	59	18	4	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	13	54	19	10	4
2007 Jun 4-24	12	56	20	9	4
2006 Jun 8-25	9	62	16	11	3
2005 Jun 6-25	18	59	12	4	7
2004 Jun 9-30	18	59	14	3	6
2003 Jun 12-18	17	55	19	4	5
2002 Jun 3-9	14	59	18	5	4
2001 Jun 11-17	18	56	17	5	4
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	20	52	22	7	--
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	16	56	19	8	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	14	56	18	7	4
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	18	50	23	6	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	10	54	28	6	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	10	50	26	10	4
2007 Jun 4-24	15	44	29	9	4
2006 Jun 8-25	15	46	21	13	5
2005 Jun 6-25	12	44	26	14	4
2004 Jun 9-30	17	51	16	9	7
2003 Jun 12-18	16	55	19	7	3
2002 Jun 3-9	13	58	16	7	6
2001 Jun 11-17	16	53	22	5	4
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you would rate relations between various groups in the United States these days. Would you say relations between -- Black and Asian people -- are very good, somewhat good, somewhat bad or very bad?

	Very good	Somewhat good	Somewhat bad	Very bad	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	9	49	28	10	3
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	10	58	23	5	5
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	12	54	19	4	11
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	12	54	18	3	13
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	11	55	23	4	7
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	8	48	29	10	4
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	10	58	22	4	6
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	11	53	19	3	14
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	11	53	19	3	15
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	10	55	25	3	8
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	12	48	30	8	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	8	57	26	8	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	12	57	19	8	4
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	16	63	13	5	4
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	13	61	17	6	3
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	12	51	27	8	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	13	59	16	5	7
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	12	53	17	5	12
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	15	52	20	6	7
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Do you think that relations between Black and White people will always be a problem for the United States, or that a solution will eventually be worked out?

	Always a problem	Eventually worked out	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	40	57	3
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	39	59	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	39	57	4
2016 Jul 13-17	37	58	5
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	40	57	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	41	58	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	40	58	3
2011 Aug 4-7	46	52	2
2009 Oct 16-19	40	56	4
2008 Nov 5	30	67	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	38	58	3
2008 May 1-3	42	54	4
2007 Jun 4-24	43	54	4
2006 Jun 8-25	42	54	4
2005 Jun 6-25	46	50	4
2004 Jun 9-30	45	51	4
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	47	50	3
2001 Mar 23-May 16	47	48	5
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	52	44	4
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	56	41	3
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	55	42	3
1995 Oct 19-22	68	29	3
1995 Oct 5-7	54	41	5
1993 Aug 23-25	53	44	3
1963 Dec ^	42	55	3
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	38	60	2
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	36	62	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	38	58	4
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	41	57	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	39	59	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	39	58	3
2011 Aug 4-7	44	54	2
2009 Oct 16-19	38	58	4
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	37	59	4
2007 Jun 4-24	41	55	4
2006 Jun 8-25	40	56	4
2005 Jun 6-25	46	51	3
2004 Jun 9-30	44	52	4
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	46	51	3
2001 Mar 23-May 16	45	50	5
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	51	45	4
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	57	41	2
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	54	42	4
1995 Oct 19-22	68	29	3
1995 Oct 5-7	55	40	5
1993 Aug 23-25	53	44	3
1963 Dec ^	44	53	3
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	59	40	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	45	54	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	53	44	3
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	51	48	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	56	43	1
2013 Aug 9-22	50	48	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	49	48	2
2011 Aug 4-7	55	42	2
2009 Oct 16-19	55	42	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	49	50	2
2007 Jun 4-24	56	41	3
2006 Jun 8-25	55	43	2
2005 Jun 6-25	57	41	2
2004 Jun 9-30	57	41	2
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	59	39	2
2001 Mar 23-May 16	66	32	2
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	59	36	5
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	58	38	4
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	58	38	4
1995 Oct 19-22	64	33	3
1995 Oct 5-7	55	41	4
1993 Aug 23-25	55	44	1
1963 Dec ^	26	70	4
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	34	63	3
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	36	60	4
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	31	66	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	35	64	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	35	63	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	38	58	3
2007 Jun 4-24	43	54	3
2006 Jun 8-25	32	63	5
2005 Jun 6-25	42	51	7
2004 Jun 9-30	42	53	5
^ NORC poll. NOTES: Trends for Whites and Blacks from 2004-present exclude White and Black Hispanics; trends for Whites and Blacks from 1963-2002 include White and Black Hispanics.
Gallup

Do you approve or disapprove of marriage between Black people and White people?

	Approve	Disapprove	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jul 6-21	94	4	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	87	11	2
2011 Aug 4-7	86	11	3
2007 Sep 7-8	79	15	6
2007 Jun 4-24	77	17	6
2004 Jun 9-30	76	19	5
2003 Nov 11-Dec 14	73	23	4
2002 Jun 3-9	65	29	6
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	64	27	9
1994 Sep 18-20	48	37	15
1991 Jun 13-16	48	42	10
1983 Apr 29-May 2	43	50	7
1978 Jul 21-24 ^	36	54	10
1972 Oct 13-16 ^	29	60	11
1968 Jun 26-Jul 1 ^	20	73	8
1958 Sep 24-29 #	4	94	3
White adults
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	84	13	2
2011 Aug 4-7	83	14	3
2007 Jun 4-24	75	20	6
2004 Jun 9-30	72	23	5
2003 Nov 11-Dec 14	70	27	3
2002 Jun 3-6	60	33	7
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	61	30	9
1994 Sep 18-20	45	41	14
1991 Jun 13-16	44	45	11
1983 Apr 29-May 2	38	56	6
1978 Jul 21-24 ^	33	58	9
1972 Oct 13-16 ^	25	65	10
1968 Jun 26-Jul 1 ^	17	75	7
1958 Sep 24-29 #	4	94	3
Black adults
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	96	3	1
2011 Aug 4-7	96	2	2
2007 Jun 4-24	85	10	4
2004 Jun 9-30	87	9	4
2003 Nov 11-Dec 14	80	16	4
2002 Jun 3-9	78	20	2
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	77	16	7
1994 Sep 18-20	68	19	13
1991 Jun 13-16	70	19	11
1983 Apr 29-May 2	71	21	9
1978 Jul 21-24 ^	66	19	15
1972 Oct 13-16 ^	61	21	19
1968 Jun 26-Jul 1 ^	56	33	11
^ WORDING: "... marriage between Whites and non-Whites?"; # WORDING: "... marriage between White and Colored people?" NOTE: Results for Black and White adults shown only for polls that included an oversample of Black respondents.
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you feel about the way various groups in society are treated. For each of the following groups, please say whether you are very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way they are treated. How about … Immigrants?

	Very satisfied	Somewhat satisfied	Somewhat dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	9	24	26	40	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	11	26	22	40	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	16	21	22	37	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	13	30	32	23	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	14	30	33	21	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	12	34	28	22	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	13	33	27	23	5
2007 Jun 4-24	12	31	29	21	7
2006 Jun 8-25	14	33	26	21	5
2005 Jun 6-25	13	41	26	16	4
2003 Jun 12-18	15	43	25	13	4
2002 Jun 3-9	16	39	25	14	6
2001 Jun 11-17	14	40	27	14	5
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	10	27	27	35	2
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	12	31	22	33	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	18	25	23	30	4
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	14	32	33	18	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	16	31	32	19	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	13	37	27	20	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	14	35	27	18	6
2007 Jun 4-24	12	36	27	17	8
2006 Jun 8-25	16	36	27	16	6
2005 Jun 6-25	14	46	25	12	3
2003 Jun 12-15	15	48	24	9	4
2002 Jun 3-6	17	41	25	10	7
2001 Jun 11-17	15	43	28	9	5
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	5	11	27	57	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	5	16	22	55	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	8	11	17	62	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	11	27	31	30	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	10	30	37	22	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	7	33	33	24	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	13	25	28	27	7
2007 Jun 4-24	7	25	36	26	6
2006 Jun 8-25	9	29	32	26	4
2005 Jun 6-25	8	33	31	20	8
2003 Jun 12-18	14	30	25	26	5
2002 Jun 3-9	8	33	27	24	8
2001 Jun 11-17	6	29	32	25	8
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	9	21	26	45	--
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	12	15	24	48	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	10	22	29	37	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	10	23	35	30	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	10	25	31	32	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	10	19	23	45	3
2007 Jun 4-24	8	17	25	46	3
2006 Jun 8-25	11	15	23	48	2
2005 Jun 6-25	10	19	29	39	3
2003 Jun 12-18	11	31	27	29	2
2002 Jun 3-9	12	32	19	33	4
2001 Jun 11-17	10	26	27	33	4
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you feel about the way various groups in society are treated. For each of the following groups, please say whether you are very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way they are treated. How about … Women?

	Very satisfied	Somewhat satisfied	Somewhat dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	19	34	25	23	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	16	38	23	23	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	24	29	23	22	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	22	41	22	14	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	24	40	21	14	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	24	44	21	11	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	26	42	19	12	1
2007 Jun 4-24	26	43	17	11	3
2006 Jun 8-25	25	42	20	11	1
2005 Jun 6-25	24	46	20	9	1
2003 Jun 12-18	28	44	17	10	1
2002 Jun 3-9	25	47	17	9	2
2001 Jun 11-17	24	46	18	11	1
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	20	37	23	20	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	17	41	25	17	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	29	31	23	17	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	24	44	21	10	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	26	42	19	12	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	26	44	19	10	*
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	29	46	16	9	*
2007 Jun 4-24	27	46	16	8	3
2006 Jun 8-25	28	46	18	7	1
2005 Jun 6-25	25	50	19	6	*
2003 Jun 12-15	31	45	15	8	1
2002 Jun 3-6	26	50	17	6	1
2001 Jun 11-17	24	49	17	9	1
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	9	30	20	41	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	8	29	22	40	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	10	20	26	43	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	16	33	30	21	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	17	36	27	20	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	15	41	25	16	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	15	32	31	21	2
2007 Jun 4-24	15	30	28	25	2
2006 Jun 8-25	12	39	29	20	1
2005 Jun 6-25	17	36	28	17	2
2003 Jun 12-18	17	35	24	21	3
2002 Jun 3-9	19	40	17	22	2
2001 Jun 11-17	14	33	31	20	2
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	23	23	29	25	--
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	18	28	24	29	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	22	34	22	21	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	24	37	23	15	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	22	44	22	11	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	20	35	22	20	3
2007 Jun 4-24	23	37	20	19	2
2006 Jun 8-25	33	27	19	19	2
2005 Jun 6-25	23	36	20	17	4
2003 Jun 12-18	26	42	17	14	1
2002 Jun 3-9	26	41	17	12	4
2001 Jun 11-17	27	33	18	20	2
Men
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	25	36	21	18	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	22	40	20	18	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	30	31	21	17	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	28	38	22	10	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	29	41	19	11	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	30	42	18	9	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	37	38	13	10	2
2007 Jun 4-24	33	42	13	9	4
2006 Jun 8-25	35	39	19	7	1
2005 Jun 6-25	28	46	17	7	2
2003 Jun 12-18	36	40	17	6	1
2002 Jun 3-9	34	43	15	6	2
2001 Jun 11-17	35	45	13	6	1
Women
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	12	32	28	27	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	10	36	26	28	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	19	27	25	27	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	17	44	22	17	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	19	40	23	16	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	18	45	23	14	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	16	45	24	15	1
2007 Jun 4-24	21	45	20	13	2
2006 Jun 8-25	17	45	22	15	1
2005 Jun 6-25	19	47	23	10	1
2003 Jun 12-18	21	48	16	14	1
2002 Jun 3-9	18	51	19	11	1
2001 Jun 11-17	13	48	22	15	2
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you feel about the way various groups in society are treated. For each of the following groups, please say whether you are very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way they are treated. How about … Black people?

	Very satisfied	Somewhat satisfied	Somewhat dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	13	25	23	38	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	11	24	19	46	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	18	26	24	30	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	16	35	27	20	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	17	32	27	23	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	19	43	24	12	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	18	41	25	14	3
2007 Jun 4-24	21	42	20	13	4
2006 Jun 8-25	17	44	24	12	3
2005 Jun 6-25	16	43	23	14	4
2003 Jun 12-18	20	44	22	12	2
2002 Jun 3-9	19	45	22	11	3
2001 Jun 11-17	20	41	24	13	2
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	15	29	23	32	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	12	29	20	39	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	22	29	24	24	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	17	39	28	15	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	18	35	27	18	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	22	45	23	10	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	20	43	24	10	2
2007 Jun 4-24	22	49	15	9	4
2006 Jun 8-25	17	49	24	7	3
2005 Jun 6-25	18	48	21	10	3
2003 Jun 12-15	22	46	22	8	2
2002 Jun 3-6	19	49	21	8	3
2001 Jun 11-17	20	44	25	9	2
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	6	9	20	65	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	4	17	13	66	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	7	11	18	62	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	12	20	25	42	*
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	11	22	22	45	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	9	38	30	22	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	9	26	28	36	1
2007 Jun 4-24	8	22	30	38	2
2006 Jun 8-25	7	30	29	33	1
2005 Jun 6-25	8	33	28	30	1
2003 Jun 12-18	10	30	20	39	1
2002 Jun 3-9	12	31	26	29	2
2001 Jun 11-17	8	31	28	32	1
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	12	25	22	40	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	13	26	29	30	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	20	27	25	28	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	15	29	31	23	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	16	45	23	14	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	15	33	27	19	6
2007 Jun 4-24	17	29	31	16	6
2006 Jun 8-25	23	23	27	20	7
2005 Jun 6-25	15	30	27	19	9
2003 Jun 12-18	11	47	22	16	4
2002 Jun 3-9	19	38	24	14	5
2001 Jun 11-17	15	35	26	18	6
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you feel about the way various groups in society are treated. For each of the following groups, please say whether you are very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way they are treated. How about … Hispanic people?

	Very satisfied	Somewhat satisfied	Somewhat dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	14	32	28	26	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	11	30	26	32	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	18	28	25	26	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	15	39	28	15	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	17	41	26	14	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	16	42	27	13	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	14	42	26	15	3
2007 Jun 4-24	16	40	20	17	7
2006 Jun 8-25	18	39	25	14	5
2005 Jun 6-25	17	41	27	10	5
2003 Jun 12-18	18	47	22	10	3
2002 Jun 3-9	17	47	22	9	5
2001 Jun 11-17	16	44	23	12	5
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	14	38	25	23	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	11	35	27	26	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	21	32	25	19	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	16	43	27	11	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	18	43	26	11	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	17	45	26	11	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	15	45	26	11	3
2007 Jun 4-24	17	46	15	14	8
2006 Jun 8-25	19	43	23	10	5
2005 Jun 6-25	18	42	28	7	5
2003 Jun 12-15	19	50	21	6	4
2002 Jun 3-6	17	51	21	6	5
2001 Jun 11-17	17	47	23	9	4
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	6	19	36	39	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	6	20	31	43	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	8	17	27	47	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	15	28	33	23	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	12	39	30	18	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	10	38	33	17	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	10	30	33	20	7
2007 Jun 4-24	9	30	36	20	6
2006 Jun 8-25	11	34	33	17	5
2005 Jun 6-25	14	36	31	12	7
2003 Jun 12-18	15	38	23	21	3
2002 Jun 3-9	14	35	27	15	9
2001 Jun 11-17	7	34	31	20	8
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	18	22	31	29	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	14	23	27	35	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	15	31	22	31	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	16	35	22	25	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	16	35	31	18	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	11	32	25	30	2
2007 Jun 4-24	12	25	29	32	3
2006 Jun 8-25	18	22	28	31	1
2005 Jun 6-25	15	30	27	27	1
2003 Jun 12-18	11	40	24	23	2
2002 Jun 3-9	16	37	24	21	2
2001 Jun 11-17	15	30	25	29	1
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you feel about the way various groups in society are treated. For each of the following groups, please say whether you are very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way they are treated. How about … Asian people?

	Very satisfied	Somewhat satisfied	Somewhat dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	14	32	27	27	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	17	43	22	16	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	26	40	19	10	5
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	28	47	16	5	5
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	28	49	14	4	4
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	29	49	13	4	5
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	26	46	14	4	9
2007 Jun 4-24	26	46	11	6	10
2006 Jun 8-25	27	49	12	5	7
2005 Jun 6-25	27	45	14	5	9
2003 Jun 12-18	25	48	16	5	6
2002 Jun 3-9	22	49	15	5	9
2001 Jun 11-17	21	48	18	5	8
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	15	35	25	24	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	19	46	22	12	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	30	42	17	7	4
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	31	50	13	3	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	30	50	13	3	4
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	32	50	11	3	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	29	48	13	2	8
2007 Jun 4-24	29	48	9	4	9
2006 Jun 8-25	29	53	9	4	6
2005 Jun 6-25	30	47	12	4	7
2003 Jun 12-15	26	49	15	4	6
2002 Jun 3-6	23	51	15	3	8
2001 Jun 11-17	21	50	18	4	7
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	6	24	37	33	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	11	38	26	22	3
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	16	37	23	18	5
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	23	39	23	9	6
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	24	51	16	6	3
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	20	49	18	5	7
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	18	40	21	9	13
2007 Jun 4-24	16	43	20	10	11
2006 Jun 8-25	19	44	21	8	8
2005 Jun 6-25	17	41	21	8	13
2003 Jun 12-18	20	40	24	9	7
2002 Jun 3-9	16	44	20	10	10
2001 Jun 11-17	13	40	26	12	9
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	13	31	24	30	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	20	36	24	13	7
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	22	38	19	10	11
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	26	43	17	6	8
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	24	45	17	6	8
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	18	41	15	8	18
2007 Jun 4-24	17	41	16	9	16
2006 Jun 8-25	30	28	18	11	14
2005 Jun 6-25	23	35	19	10	13
2003 Jun 12-18	20	51	15	8	6
2002 Jun 3-9	19	42	13	11	15
2001 Jun 11-17	18	33	22	13	14
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you feel about the way various groups in society are treated. For each of the following groups, please say whether you are very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way they are treated. How about … Arab people?

	Very satisfied	Somewhat satisfied	Somewhat dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	12	31	29	27	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	11	33	24	31	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	16	28	23	27	6
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	14	31	30	21	5
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	13	36	29	17	4
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	15	36	25	17	7
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	14	33	23	16	14
2007 Jun 4-24	17	35	21	13	14
2006 Jun 8-25	15	30	28	16	11
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	13	33	28	24	2
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	12	35	24	28	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	18	30	23	23	6
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	15	32	31	18	5
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	13	37	30	16	4
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	16	37	25	17	6
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	14	37	21	15	14
2007 Jun 4-24	18	39	20	11	13
2006 Jun 8-25	14	33	31	15	7
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	4	26	34	34	2
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	7	27	28	35	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	8	19	28	41	4
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	10	25	31	29	5
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	13	36	27	21	6
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	11	31	30	22	7
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	12	26	30	18	14
2007 Jun 4-24	8	28	26	23	15
2006 Jun 8-25	9	32	27	16	15
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	12	29	28	29	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	12	27	24	31	5
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	13	31	25	24	8
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	15	33	26	21	6
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	14	36	25	15	10
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	13	26	22	18	21
2007 Jun 4-24	12	26	28	15	19
2006 Jun 8-25	17	20	22	20	22
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you feel about the way various groups in society are treated. For each of the following groups, please say whether you are very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way they are treated. How about … Jewish people?

	Very satisfied	Somewhat satisfied	Somewhat dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	16	35	26	23	1
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	17	36	24	23	1
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	10	35	27	26	2
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	13	32	33	22	*
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Next, we'd like to know how you feel about the way various groups in society are treated. For each of the following groups, please say whether you are very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way they are treated. How about … White people?

	Very satisfied	Somewhat satisfied	Somewhat dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	31	37	19	14	*
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	28	41	17	13	1
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	28	34	17	20	1
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	38	26	23	14	*
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

In general, do you think that Black people have as good a chance as White people in your community to get any kind of job for which they are qualified, or don't you think they have as good a chance?

	Yes, have as good a chance	No, do not	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	55	44	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	58	42	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	61	37	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	64	36	*
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	66	33	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	68	31	1
2011 Aug 4-7	72	26	1
2009 Oct 16-19	79	19	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	71	27	2
2007 Jun 4-24	71	27	2
2005 Jun 6-25	71	28	1
2004 Jun 9-30	72	26	2
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	74	24	2
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	77	21	2
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	75	23	2
1995 Oct 19-22	71	25	4
1995 Mar 17-19	64	32	4
1993 Aug 23-25	65	31	4
1991 Jun 13-16	68	26	6
1990 Jun 7-10	69	23	8
1989 Dec 7-10	65	28	7
1978 Jul 7-10	67	24	9
1963 Jun 21-26	39	48	13
1963 Mar	43	n/a	n/a
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	60	39	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	61	39	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	67	32	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	70	30	*
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	72	27	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	74	25	1
2011 Aug 4-7	78	21	1
2009 Oct 16-19	82	16	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	77	21	2
2007 Jun 4-24	76	22	3
2005 Jun 6-25	78	21	1
2004 Jun 9-30	77	21	2
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	79	19	2
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	82	17	1
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	79	18	3
1995 Oct 19-22	75	21	4
1995 Mar 17-19	68	27	5
1993 Aug 23-25	70	27	3
1991 Jun 13-16	70	23	7
1990 Jun 7-10	73	20	7
1989 Dec 7-10	68	25	7
1978 Jul 7-10	73	19	9
1963 Jun 21-26	41	44	14
1963 Mar	46	n/a	n/a
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	31	69	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	31	69	--
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	30	69	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	32	68	*
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	36	63	1
2013 Aug 9-22	39	60	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	40	59	1
2011 Aug 4-7	39	59	3
2009 Oct 16-19	49	49	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	43	56	1
2007 Jun 4-24	37	61	2
2005 Jun 6-25	33	65	2
2004 Jun 9-30	41	57	2
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	40	57	3
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	45	52	3
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	46	51	3
1995 Oct 19-22	52	45	3
1995 Mar 17-19	36	62	2
1993 Aug 23-25	30	66	4
1991 Jun 13-16	40	58	2
1990 Jun 7-10	43	54	3
1989 Dec 7-10	43	54	3
1978 Jul 7-10	35	57	8
1963 Jun 21-26	23	74	3
1963 Mar	24	n/a	n/a
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	56	44	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	64	36	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	65	35	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	69	30	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	69	29	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	68	32	1
2007 Jun 4-24	69	30	1
2005 Jun 6-25	66	31	3
2004 Jun 9-30	69	29	2
Trends for White adults and Black adults from 2004 to present exclude Hispanic adults; trends for White adults and Black adults from 1963 to 1999 include White and Black Hispanic adults.
Gallup

Again, in general, do you think that Black people have as good a chance as White people in your community to get any housing they can afford, or don't you think they have as good a chance?

	Yes, have as good a chance	No, do not	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	60	39	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	63	37	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	67	31	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	70	29	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	77	23	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	79	20	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	78	20	2
2007 Jun 4-24	77	20	2
2005 Jun 6-25	77	21	2
2004 Jun 9-30	81	18	1
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	77	20	3
2001 Mar 23-May 16	79	18	3
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	79	18	3
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	82	16	2
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	83	13	4
1991 Jun 13-16	72	23	5
1990 Jun 7-10	72	19	9
1989 Dec 7-10	68	26	6
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	65	34	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	66	34	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	73	25	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	75	24	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	84	16	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	85	15	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	85	13	2
2007 Jun 4-24	84	13	3
2005 Jun 6-25	82	16	2
2004 Jun 9-30	86	13	1
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	82	16	2
2001 Mar 23-May 16	83	14	3
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	83	15	2
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	86	12	2
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	86	10	4
1991 Jun 13-16	74	21	5
1990 Jun 7-10	75	16	9
1989 Dec 7-10	71	23	6
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	36	64	--
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	38	62	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	40	59	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	46	54	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	48	52	*
2013 Aug 9-22	51	48	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	56	43	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	52	47	2
2007 Jun 4-24	44	54	2
2005 Jun 6-25	51	48	1
2004 Jun 9-30	55	44	1
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	48	49	3
2001 Mar 23-May 16	48	50	2
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	53	45	2
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	54	43	3
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	58	40	2
1991 Jun 13-16	55	42	3
1990 Jun 7-10	47	46	7
1989 Dec 7-10	51	45	5
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	63	36	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	67	32	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	71	28	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	72	27	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	77	21	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	69	28	3
2007 Jun 4-24	72	27	1
2005 Jun 6-25	70	26	4
2004 Jun 9-30	74	24	2
Trends for White adults and Black adults from 2004 to present exclude Hispanic adults; trends for White adults and Black adults from 1989 to 2002 include White and Black Hispanic adults.
Gallup

Just your impression, are Black people in your community treated less fairly than White people in the following situations? How about -- on the job or at work?

	Yes, treated less fairly	No, not treated less fairly	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	34	65
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	33	66	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	30	67	3
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	24	72	4
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	26	72	2
2007 Jun 4-24	18	78	4
2004 Jun 9-30	18	78	4
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	19	73	8
2001 Mar 23-May 16	16	75	9
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	15	79	6
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	13	79	8
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	18	70	12
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	26	72	2
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	27	73	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	22	74	3
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	17	79	4
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	20	78	2
2007 Jun 4-24	12	84	4
2004 Jun 9-30	11	85	4
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	14	78	8
2001 Mar 23-May 16	10	80	10
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	10	84	6
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	9	83	8
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	14	74	12
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	63	37	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	64	35	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	60	38	3
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	52	46	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	56	43	2
2007 Jun 4-24	53	42	5
2004 Jun 9-30	49	44	7
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	51	38	11
2001 Mar 23-May 16	44	49	7
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	47	47	6
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	42	50	8
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	45	46	9
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	41	59	--
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	38	59	3
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	30	65	5
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	29	68	3
2007 Jun 4-24	28	65	7
2004 Jun 9-30	28	66	6
Gallup

Just your impression, are Black people in your community treated less fairly than White people in the following situations? How about -- in neighborhood shops?

	Yes, treated less fairly	No, not treated less fairly	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	31	68	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	31	68	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	28	70	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	21	76	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	25	73	2
2007 Jun 4-24	15	82	3
2004 Jun 9-30	17	80	3
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	18	78	4
2001 Mar 23-May 16	16	79	5
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	16	81	3
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	14	83	3
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	21	74	5
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	26	73	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	24	75	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	22	76	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	16	80	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	20	79	2
2007 Jun 4-24	9	87	3
2004 Jun 9-30	13	84	3
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	12	84	4
2001 Mar 23-May 16	12	83	5
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	13	84	3
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	11	86	3
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	18	76	6
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	56	42	2
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	50	49	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	48	51	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	41	57	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	46	53	1
2007 Jun 4-24	42	55	4
2004 Jun 9-30	36	61	3
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	39	56	5
2001 Mar 23-May 16	38	59	3
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	35	60	5
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	31	64	5
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	42	53	5
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	33	67	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	40	58	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	25	70	5
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	31	67	2
2007 Jun 4-24	27	69	3
2004 Jun 9-30	27	71	2
Gallup

Just your impression, are Black people in your community treated less fairly than White people in the following situations? How about -- in stores downtown or in the shopping mall?

	Yes, treated less fairly	No, not treated less fairly	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	33	66	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	37	63	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	32	65	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	24	74	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	29	69	2
2007 Jun 4-24	19	78	4
2004 Jun 9-30	20	77	3
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	22	72	6
2001 Mar 23-May 16	21	74	5
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	19	77	4
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	19	77	4
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	22	72	6
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	26	73	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	30	69	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	25	72	3
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	17	80	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	25	73	2
2007 Jun 4-24	13	83	3
2004 Jun 9-30	15	82	3
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	17	77	6
2001 Mar 23-May 16	16	79	5
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	15	81	4
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	16	81	3
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	19	76	5
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	60	39	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	55	45	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	59	40	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	52	47	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	52	46	2
2007 Jun 4-24	47	48	6
2004 Jun 9-30	42	55	3
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	50	44	6
2001 Mar 23-May 16	46	50	4
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	46	49	5
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	41	54	5
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	46	49	5
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	37	63	--
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	43	56	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	28	69	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	25	72	3
2007 Jun 4-24	30	67	3
2004 Jun 9-30	30	67	3
Gallup

Just your impression, are Black people in your community treated less fairly than White people in the following situations? How about -- in restaurants, bars, theaters or other entertainment places?

	Yes, treated less fairly	No, not treated less fairly	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	28	71	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	31	68	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	28	70	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	20	78	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	23	76	2
2007 Jun 4-24	16	81	2
2004 Jun 9-30	15	82	3
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	15	79	6
2001 Mar 23-May 16	16	79	5
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	14	81	5
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	13	83	4
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	20	75	5
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	24	75	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	25	74	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	22	76	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	15	83	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	18	81	2
2007 Jun 4-24	11	87	2
2004 Jun 9-30	10	87	3
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	10	84	6
2001 Mar 23-May 16	12	83	5
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	11	85	4
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	10	86	4
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	16	79	5
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	47	53	--
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	47	52	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	50	49	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	37	61	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	42	57	2
2007 Jun 4-24	40	56	4
2004 Jun 9-30	37	59	4
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	38	56	6
2001 Mar 23-May 16	39	56	5
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	39	56	5
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	34	60	6
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	42	52	6
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	33	67	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	37	61	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	30	67	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	28	69	3
2007 Jun 4-24	29	68	3
2004 Jun 9-30	24	70	6
Gallup

Just your impression, are Black people in your community treated less fairly than White people in the following situations? How about -- in dealing with the police, such as traffic incidents?

	Yes, treated less fairly	No, not treated less fairly	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	55	44	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	55	44	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	52	45	3
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	45	51	4
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	43	54	3
2007 Jun 4-24	37	55	8
2004 Jun 9-30	38	53	9
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	39	50	11
2001 Mar 23-May 16	39	51	10
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	35	54	11
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	33	57	10
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	34	51	15
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	50	49	2
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	48	50	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	45	52	4
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	40	55	5
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	34	63	3
2007 Jun 4-24	31	60	9
2004 Jun 9-30	32	59	9
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	35	54	11
2001 Mar 23-May 16	35	54	11
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	30	59	11
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	29	61	10
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	30	54	16
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	80	20	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	79	21	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	77	21	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	67	32	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	73	26	2
2007 Jun 4-24	73	24	4
2004 Jun 9-30	66	28	6
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	69	27	4
2001 Mar 23-May 16	66	30	4
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	64	31	5
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	55	38	7
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	60	33	7
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	54	46	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	60	36	4
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	45	52	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	54	42	4
2007 Jun 4-24	51	42	6
2004 Jun 9-30	47	45	8
Gallup

Just your impression, are Black people in your community treated less fairly than White people in the following situations? How about -- in getting healthcare from doctors and hospitals?

	Yes, treated less fairly	No, not treated less fairly	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	33	66	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	31	67	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	24	71	5
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	18	75	6
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	20	77	3
2004 Jun 9-30	17	74	9
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	27	71	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	26	73	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	17	77	6
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	13	80	8
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	14	82	3
2004 Jun 9-30	13	78	9
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	64	36	--
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	55	43	2
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	49	49	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	39	59	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	45	54	1
2004 Jun 9-30	38	58	4
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	31	68	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	32	64	4
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	25	71	4
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	23	73	4
2004 Jun 9-30	28	67	5
Gallup

Do you feel that women in this country have equal job opportunities as men, or not?

	Yes	No	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	47	53	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	50	49	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	52	48	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	57	42	1
2007 Jun 4-24	57	43	*
2006 Jun 8-25	49	49	2
2005 Jun 6-25	53	46	1
2003 Jun 12-18	49	50	1
2002 Jun 3-9	46	53	1
2001 Jun 11-17	42	57	1
1995 Sep 14-17	34	64	2
1993 Aug 23-25	39	60	1
1989 Dec 18-21	42	56	2
1987 Jan 26-Feb 5	48	46	6
1976 Jan	48	48	4
Women
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	33	67	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	40	60	*
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	43	57	*
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	45	54	1
2007 Jun 4-24	51	49	*
2006 Jun 8-25	40	58	2
2005 Jun 6-25	45	55	*
2003 Jun 12-18	43	56	1
2002 Jun 3-9	39	60	1
2001 Jun 11-17	32	67	1
1995 Sep 14-17	30	69	3
1993 Aug 23-25	30	69	1
1989 Dec 18-21	37	60	3
1987 Jan 26-Feb 5	35	56	9
Men
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	61	38	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	61	38	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	61	38	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	71	28	1
2007 Jun 4-24	63	36	*
2006 Jun 8-25	59	39	2
2005 Jun 6-25	61	37	2
2003 Jun 12-18	55	44	1
2002 Jun 3-9	54	45	1
2001 Jun 11-17	53	46	1
1995 Sep 14-17	38	59	3
1993 Aug 23-25	50	50	*
1989 Dec 18-21	46	52	2
1987 Jan 26-Feb 5	48	46	6
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Do you feel that racial minorities in this country have equal job opportunities as White people, or not?

	Yes	No	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	40	59	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	45	54	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	47	52	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	53	46	1
2007 Jun 4-24	52	45	3
2006 Jun 8-25	46	53	1
2005 Jun 6-25	53	45	2
2003 Jun 12-18	49	49	2
2002 Jun 3-9	48	49	3
2001 Jun 12-17	48	50	2
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	46	54	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	51	48	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	52	47	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	60	39	1
2007 Jun 4-24	57	40	3
2006 Jun 8-25	53	47	1
2005 Jun 6-25	59	39	2
2003 Jun 12-15	55	43	2
2002 Jun 3-6	54	43	3
2001 Jun 12-17	53	45	2
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	14	86	*
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	19	80	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	20	78	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	24	75	2
2007 Jun 4-24	23	76	1
2006 Jun 8-25	17	81	2
2005 Jun 6-25	23	76	1
2003 Jun 12-18	17	81	2
2002 Jun 3-9	19	80	1
2001 Jun 12-17	18	79	3
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	42	57	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	43	57	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	44	55	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	45	55	*
2007 Jun 4-24	43	55	1
2006 Jun 8-25	34	62	3
2005 Jun 6-25	45	53	2
2003 Jun 12-18	39	58	3
2002 Jun 3-9	41	55	4
2001 Jun 12-17	46	51	3
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Do you generally favor or oppose affirmative action programs for women?

	Favor	Oppose	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	66	30	4
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	65	27	8
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	60	34	6
2005 Jun 6-25	59	34	7
2003 Jun 12-18	59	34	7
2001 Jun 11-17	53	38	9
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	60	35	5
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	61	31	8
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	55	40	5
2005 Jun 6-25	52	42	6
2003 Jun 12-15	55	38	7
2001 Jun 11-17	50	42	8
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	70	25	6
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	77	17	6
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	81	15	4
2005 Jun 6-25	80	15	5
2003 Jun 12-18	77	15	8
2001 Jun 11-17	77	15	8
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	83	14	3
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	72	16	12
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	69	20	11
2005 Jun 6-25	76	15	9
2003 Jun 12-18	69	22	9
2001 Jun 11-17	72	17	11
Men
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	61	35	4
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	61	31	8
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	55	40	5
2005 Jun 6-25	53	42	5
2003 Jun 12-18	56	39	5
2001 Jun 11-17	49	43	8
Women
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	72	24	4
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	69	23	9
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	64	29	8
2005 Jun 6-25	65	27	8
2003 Jun 12-18	62	29	9
2001 Jun 11-17	57	34	9
Gallup

Do you generally favor or oppose affirmative action programs for racial minorities?

	Favor	Oppose	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	62	33	4
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	61	30	9
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	54	40	6
2005 Jun 6-25	50	42	8
2003 Jun 12-18	49	43	8
2001 Jun 11-17	47	44	9
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	57	38	5
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	57	34	8
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	48	46	6
2005 Jun 6-25	44	49	7
2003 Jun 12-15	44	49	7
2001 Jun 11-17	44	48	8
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	69	25	5
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	72	21	7
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	75	21	4
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	76	20	5
2005 Jun 6-25	72	21	7
2003 Jun 12-18	70	21	9
2001 Jun 11-17	69	23	8
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	79	18	4
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	66	22	13
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	63	29	8
2005 Jun 6-25	62	25	13
2003 Jun 12-18	63	28	9
2001 Jun 11-17	64	23	13
Gallup

Thinking back over your lifetime, how do you feel civil rights for Black people have changed in this country -- would you say the situation has greatly improved, somewhat improved, stayed pretty much the same, somewhat worsened or greatly worsened?

	Greatly improved	Somewhat improved	Stayed the same	Somewhat worsened	Greatly worsened	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	25	44	16	9	6	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	19	40	22	11	7	*
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	34	41	12	8	5	*
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	38	38	13	7	3	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	48	39	9	3	1	*
2011 Aug 4-7	50	39	8	1	2	1
2003 Jun 12-18	45	42	9	3	*	1
1995 Oct 19-22	32	51	9	5	2	1
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	26	44	16	8	5	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	21	44	20	10	6	*
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	37	40	11	7	5	*
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	43	36	12	6	2	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	54	35	7	2	1	*
2011 Aug 4-7	53	37	8	1	1	1
2003 Jun 12-15	48	41	8	2	*	1
1995 Oct 19-22	34	51	8	5	1	1
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	18	39	17	16	11	--
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	10	42	24	13	11	--
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	20	49	14	12	5	--
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	21	49	13	10	7	1
2013 Aug 9-22	25	55	11	7	2	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	29	52	11	6	1	1
2011 Aug 4-7	29	56	9	4	2	*
2003 Jun 12-18	25	46	13	13	1	2
1995 Oct 19-22	25	51	14	7	2	1
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	25	45	14	10	7	*
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	32	40	16	7	4	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	34	33	17	10	5	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	42	41	13	1	1	1
2003 Jun 12-18	35	47	12	3	1	2
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Do you think racism against Black people is or is not widespread in the U.S.?

	Yes, widespread	No, not	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	64	35	*
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	61	38	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	60	39	1
2009 Oct 16-19	51	46	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	56	42	3
White adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	59	40	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	56	43	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	55	45	1
2009 Oct 16-19	49	48	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	51	46	3
Black adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	84	16	--
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	82	16	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	80	19	*
2009 Oct 16-19	72	26	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	78	20	2
Hispanic adults
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	72	28	--
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	66	31	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	64	35	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	59	38	3
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Can you think of any occasion in the last 30 days when you felt you were treated unfairly in the following places because you were a Black person? How about -- [RANDOM ORDER]?

Among Black adults

	Yes, treated unfairly	No, not	No opinion
	%	%	%
At your place of work
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	17	71	12
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	17	71	12
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	19	74	8
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	19	74	7
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	18	74	8
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	15	81	4
2007 Jun 4-24	23	62	15
2004 Jun 9-30	22	61	17
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	23	54	23
2001 Mar 23-May 16	19	65	16
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	19	63	18
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	18	63	19
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	21	77	2
In a store where you were shopping
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	35	65	*
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	24	75	1
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	29	69	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	25	74	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	24	75	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	24	76	*
2007 Jun 4-24	28	69	3
2004 Jun 9-30	28	71	1
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	28	70	2
2001 Mar 23-May 16	27	71	2
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	27	70	3
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	26	72	2
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	30	70	--
In a restaurant, bar, theater or other entertainment place
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	21	72	6
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	18	75	8
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	23	74	3
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	19	78	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	20	79	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	16	84	*
2007 Jun 4-24	20	76	4
2004 Jun 9-30	26	69	5
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	24	69	7
2001 Mar 23-May 16	20	75	5
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	19	75	6
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	16	76	8
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	21	76	3
In dealing with the police, such as traffic incidents
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	20	72	8
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	19	73	8
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	21	73	6
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	16	78	7
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	18	78	4
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	17	81	3
2007 Jun 4-24	21	66	13
2004 Jun 9-30	25	66	9
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	22	63	15
2001 Mar 23-May 16	21	67	12
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	20	66	14
1998 Aug 13-Oct 26	16	65	19
1997 Jan 4-Feb 28	15	79	6
While getting healthcare for yourself or a family member
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	17	82	1
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	13	82	4
2018 Nov 19-Dec 22	16	82	2
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	12	85	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	12	86	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	9	90	1
2004 Jun 9-30	20	77	3
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Can you think of any occasion in the last 30 days when you felt you were treated unfairly in the following places because you were Hispanic? How about -- [RANDOM ORDER]?

	Yes, treated unfairly	No, not	No opinion
	%	%	%
At your place of work
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	12	85	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	11	85	4
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	15	82	3
In a store where you were shopping
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	16	84	*
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	7	93	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	19	81	*
In a restaurant, bar, theater or other entertainment place
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	19	79	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	9	90	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	15	84	*
In dealings with the police, such as traffic incidents
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	11	84	5
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	10	85	5
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	16	82	3
While getting healthcare for yourself or a family member
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	13	86	*
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	9	90	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	16	83	1
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

The terms "Black" and "African American" are both used to refer to this racial subgroup of Americans. Which term do you think should generally be used -- Black, African American, another term, or does it not matter to you either way? (Asked of those with no preference for Black or African American as the racial group description:) If you had to choose, which term do you lean toward -- "African American" or "Black"?

	Black	African American	No opinion
	%	%	%
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	52	44	4
Gallup

The terms "Hispanic," "Latino" and "LatinX" are used to refer to this ethnic subgroup of Americans. Which term do you think should generally be used -- Hispanic, Latino, LatinX, another term, or does it not matter to you either way? (Asked of those with no preference as the racial group description:) If you had to choose, which term do you lean toward -- Hispanic, Latino or LatinX?

	Hispanic	Latino	LatinX	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
2021 Jun 1-Jul 5	57	37	5	2
Gallup

In general, do you think that Black children have as good a chance as White children in your community to get a good education, or don't you think they have as good a chance?

	Yes, have as good a chance	No, do not	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	64	36	*
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	71	28	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	76	24	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	77	23	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	75	23	1
2007 Jun 4-24	76	21	3
2005 Jun 6-25	79	19	2
2004 Jun 9-30	80	19	1
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	77	20	3
2001 Mar 23-May 16	80	18	2
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	82	15	3
1997 May 30-Jun 1	76	21	3
1995 Oct 19-22	82	14	4
1991 Jun 13-16	81	15	4
1990 Jun 7-10	83	11	6
1989 Dec 7-10	80	15	5
1962 Aug 23-28 ^	83	7	10
White adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	64	35	*
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	75	24	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	81	19	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	80	19	*
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	80	19	1
2007 Jun 4-24	80	16	3
2005 Jun 6-25	85	13	2
2004 Jun 9-30	86	14	*
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	81	17	2
2001 Mar 23-May 16	85	13	2
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	86	12	2
1997 May 30-Jun 1	79	18	3
1995 Oct 19-22	85	11	4
1991 Jun 13-16	83	13	4
1990 Jun 7-10	85	9	6
1989 Dec 7-10	82	13	5
1962 Aug 23-28 ^	85	4	10
Black adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	38	61	1
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	49	50	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	52	47	*
2013 Aug 9-22	56	43	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	55	44	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	49	49	2
2007 Jun 4-24	49	51	*
2005 Jun 6-25	51	47	2
2004 Jun 9-30	51	48	1
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	50	49	1
2001 Mar 23-May 16	52	46	2
1999 Sep 24-Nov 16	56	39	5
1997 May 30-Jun 1	63	35	2
1995 Oct 19-22	64	33	3
1991 Jun 13-16	56	38	6
1990 Jun 7-10	68	29	3
1989 Dec 7-10	61	33	6
1962 Aug 23-28^	53	41	6
Hispanic adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	74	25	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	78	22	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	81	18	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	74	25	1
2007 Jun 4-24	73	26	*
2005 Jun 6-25	74	24	2
2004 Jun 9-30	77	21	2
^ WORDING: Negro children. Trends for Whites and Blacks from 2004-present exclude Hispanics; trends for Whites and Blacks from 1962-2002 include White and Black Hispanics.
Gallup

Do you think new civil rights laws are needed to reduce discrimination against Black people, or not?

	Yes, needed	No, not needed	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	61	39	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	40	58	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	27	71	2
2011 Aug 4-7	21	76	2
2003 Jun 12-18	26	70	4
1993 Aug 23-25	38	58	4
White adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	53	46	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	31	67	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	17	81	2
2011 Aug 4-7	15	83	3
2003 Jun 12-18	20	77	3
1993 Aug 23-25	33	62	5
Black adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	82	18	--
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	69	29	2
2013 Aug 9-22	61	38	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	53	45	2
2011 Aug 4-7	52	48	1
2003 Jun 12-18	52	41	7
1993 Aug 23-25	70	26	4
Hispanic adults
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	52	47	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	46	52	1
2003 Jun 12-18	44	52	4
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Here is a list of actions Black people might take to improve their situation in this country. For each, please tell me if you think taking the action would help Black people, hurt Black people or if you think it would have no effect. How about -- Nonviolent protest?

	Help	Hurt	No effect	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
National adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	77	6	17	1
1988 Feb 19-22	68	8	18	5
White adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	78	5	16	1
1988 Feb 19-22	67	9	19	5
Black adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	72	7	20	1
1988 Feb 19-22	72	4	16	7
Gallup

Here is a list of actions Black people might take to improve their situation in this country. For each, please tell me if you think taking the action would help Black people, hurt Black people or if you think it would have no effect. How about -- Legal action?

	Help	Hurt	No effect	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
National adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	66	11	22	2
1988 Feb 19-22	62	11	17	10
White adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	65	12	21	2
1988 Feb 19-22	60	12	18	10
Black adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	74	5	19	1
1988 Feb 19-22	79	3	10	8
Gallup

Here is a list of actions Black people might take to improve their situation in this country. For each, please tell me if you think taking the action would help Black people, hurt Black people or if you think it would have no effect. How about -- Economic action such as boycotts?

	Help	Hurt	No effect	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
National adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	50	22	25	3
1988 Feb 19-22	29	29	31	11
White adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	48	24	27	1
1988 Feb 19-22	26	31	33	10
Black adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	69	11	19	1
1988 Feb 19-22	54	16	18	12
Gallup

Here is a list of actions Black people might take to improve their situation in this country. For each, please tell me if you think taking the action would help Black people, hurt Black people or if you think it would have no effect. How about -- Violent protest?

	Help	Hurt	No effect	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
National adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	12	73	14	*
1988 Feb 19-22	4	79	15	3
White adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	9	79	12	*
1988 Feb 19-22	4	80	14	3
Black adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	21	59	19	1
1988 Feb 19-22	10	69	16	5
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

How do you feel about those who are looting or committing property damage during protests on racial justice -- sympathetic, and believe their actions are justified; sympathetic, but believe their actions are not justified; or not sympathetic?

	Sympathetic/Justified	Sympathetic/Not justified	Not sympathetic	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
National adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	8	33	57	2
White adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	8	30	60	2
Black adults
2020 Jun 8-Jul 24	12	48	38	2
Gallup

Do you think the government should -- or should not -- make cash payments to black Americans who are descendants of slaves?

	Should	Should not	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2019 Jun 19-Jul 12	29	67	4
2002 Jan 25-27	14	81	5
White adults
2019 Jun 19-Jul 12	16	81	3
2002 Jan 25-27	6	90	4
Black adults
2019 Jun 19-Jul 12	73	25	2
2002 Jan 25-Feb 10	55	37	8
Gallup

Overall, how satisfied are you with your life -- are you very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied or very dissatisfied?

	Very satisfied	Somewhat satisfied	Somewhat dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	46	42	8	3	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	46	41	10	3	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	44	44	8	3	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	46	40	9	5	*
2007 Jun 4-24	57	34	6	3	1
2006 Jun 8-25	59	31	6	4	*
2005 Jun 6-25	50	38	8	4	*
2004 Jun 9-30	58	32	6	3	1
2003 Jun 12-18	51	39	7	3	*
2002 Jun 3-9	51	39	6	3	1
2001 Jun 11-17	53	38	6	2	1
White adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	47	42	8	2	*
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	47	40	9	3	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	45	44	8	3	*
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	50	38	8	3	*
2007 Jun 4-24	61	32	3	2	1
2006 Jun 8-25	65	26	4	4	*
2005 Jun 6-25	51	37	8	4	*
2004 Jun 9-30	62	30	6	2	*
2003 Jun 12-15	55	37	6	2	*
2002 Jun 3-6	55	37	5	2	1
2001 Jun 11-17	54	38	5	3	*
Black adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	44	44	8	3	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	45	43	8	4	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	42	45	9	2	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	38	42	14	6	1
2007 Jun 4-24	37	45	9	7	2
2006 Jun 8-25	41	45	10	4	*
2005 Jun 6-25	44	39	12	4	1
2004 Jun 9-30	44	38	10	6	2
2003 Jun 12-18	37	45	12	5	1
2002 Jun 3-9	39	45	11	4	1
2001 Jun 11-17	42	45	11	1	1
Hispanic adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	43	42	9	3	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	38	42	13	6	1
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	43	44	10	2	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	42	39	11	8	1
2007 Jun 4-24	50	39	7	3	2
2006 Jun 8-25	53	36	7	2	2
2005 Jun 6-25	48	40	6	4	2
2004 Jun 9-30	52	34	8	3	3
2003 Jun 12-18	42	43	11	3	1
2002 Jun 3-9	46	44	6	2	2
2001 Jun 11-17	49	39	9	3	*
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

How much of a role, if any, do you think the government should have in trying to improve the social and economic position of Blacks and other minority groups in this country -- a major role, a minor role or no role at all?

	Major role	Minor role	No role	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
National adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	38	40	22	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	32	44	23	1
2011 Aug 4-7	27	46	26	1
2005 Jun 6-25	37	44	17	2
2004 Jun 9-30	40	45	14	1
White adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	28	46	25	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	22	49	29	*
2011 Aug 4-7	19	50	30	1
2005 Jun 6-25	26	52	21	1
2004 Jun 9-30	32	51	16	1
Black adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	64	29	7	*
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	54	36	10	1
2011 Aug 4-7	59	32	8	1
2005 Jun 6-25	71	21	6	2
2004 Jun 9-30	68	22	9	1
Hispanic adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	63	19	16	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	60	28	10	1
2005 Jun 6-25	64	20	11	5
2004 Jun 9-30	67	21	8	4
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Which comes closer to your view about evaluating students for admission into a college or university -- [ROTATED: applicants should be admitted solely on the basis of merit, even if that results in few minority students being admitted (or) an applicant's racial and ethnic background should be considered to help promote diversity on college campuses, even if that means admitting some minority students who otherwise would not be admitted]?

	Solely on merit	Consider racial/ethnic background	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	70	26	4
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	67	28	5
2007 Jun 4-24	70	23	6
2003 Jun 12-18	69	27	4
White adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	76	22	2
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	75	22	3
2007 Jun 4-24	78	17	5
2003 Jun 12-15	75	22	3
Black adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	50	44	6
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	44	48	8
2007 Jun 4-24	47	46	8
2003 Jun 12-18	44	49	7
Hispanic adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	61	29	10
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	59	31	10
2007 Jun 4-24	58	35	7
2003 Jun 12-18	59	36	5
Gallup

If two equally qualified students, one White and one Black, applied to a major U.S. college or university, who do you think would have the better chance of being accepted to the college -- [ROTATED: the White student, the Black student] -- or would they have the same chance?

	White student	Black student	Same chance	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
National adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	30	22	46	2
2007 Jun 4-24	29	22	43	6
2005 Jun 6-25	29	20	47	4
2003 Jun 12-18	31	29	36	4
White adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	23	27	47	3
2007 Jun 4-24	20	26	48	6
2005 Jun 6-25	21	24	50	5
2003 Jun 12-15	24	34	38	4
Black adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	60	5	34	1
2007 Jun 4-24	61	5	28	6
2005 Jun 6-25	64	4	29	3
2003 Jun 12-18	67	5	24	4
Hispanic adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	40	11	49	1
2007 Jun 4-24	47	9	42	2
2005 Jun 6-25	46	9	41	4
2003 Jun 12-18	44	14	38	4
Gallup

Do you think racism against Whites is or is not widespread in the U.S.?

	Yes, widespread	No, not	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	41	57	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	33	66	1
2009 Oct 16-19	44	53	4
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	41	55	3
White adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	43	55	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	32	66	1
2009 Oct 16-19	46	50	4
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	42	55	4
Black adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	33	64	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	32	67	1
2009 Oct 16-19	39	59	3
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	36	62	2
Hispanic adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	42	57	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	38	62	*
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	36	60	3
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

How would you say local police in your area treat racial minorities including Blacks -- [ROTATED: very fairly, fairly, unfairly (or) very unfairly]?

	Very fairly	Fairly	Unfairly	Very unfairly	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	21	50	19	7	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	23	50	20	5	3
White adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	25	52	16	4	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	29	49	16	3	3
Black adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	9	41	29	19	1
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	8	44	33	15	*
Hispanic adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	13	52	22	12	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	15	56	23	6	1
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Do you think the American justice system is biased against Black people?

	Yes, is biased	No, is not	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	49	49	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	47	52	1
2013 Jul 16-21	33	61	6
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	38	59	3
1993 Apr 17-18	37	56	7
White adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	45	53	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	42	57	1
2013 Jul 16-21	25	69	5
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	32	66	2
1993 Apr 17-18	33	60	7
Black adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	76	21	2
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	74	26	1
2013 Jul 16-21	68	26	6
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	67	27	6
1993 Apr 17-18	68	21	11
Hispanic adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	44	53	3
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	45	54	1
2013 Jul 16-21	40	52	8
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	42	51	7
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

How do you view Barack Obama's presidency in terms of progress for Black people in the United States -- as the most important advance for Black people in the past 100 years; as one of the two or three most important advances for Black people in the past 100 years, but not the most important; important, but not among the most important advances; or not that important?

	Most important	One of the most important	Important	Not that important	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	10	22	32	33	3
2011 Aug 4-7 ^	15	27	30	26	3
2009 Oct 16-19 ^	20	38	24	16	2
2008 Nov 5 ^#	33	38	15	10	4
White adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	6	21	33	38	3
2011 Aug 4-7 ^	10	27	32	29	2
2009 Oct 16-19 ^	16	40	25	17	2
Black adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	21	30	28	18	3
2011 Aug 4-7 ^	34	31	23	9	3
2009 Oct 16-19 ^	44	27	19	6	4
Hispanic adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	16	26	27	26	5
^ WORDING: "How do you view Barack Obama's election as president…"; # Asked on Gallup Daily tracking survey
Gallup

As a result of Barack Obama's presidency, do you think race relations in this country have -- [ROTATED: gotten a lot better, gotten a little better, not changed, gotten a little worse (or) gotten a lot worse]?

	A lot better	A little better	Not changed	A little worse	A lot worse	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	5	24	24	23	23	1
2011 Aug 4-7 ^	7	28	41	16	7	1
2009 Oct 16-19 ^	7	34	35	16	6	1
White adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	2	21	25	24	27	1
2011 Aug 4-7 ^	6	25	45	16	6	1
2009 Oct 16-19 ^	7	32	36	17	6	2
Black adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	7	30	24	26	13	1
2011 Aug 4-7 ^	14	34	27	16	8	1
2009 Oct 16-19 ^	11	42	27	13	7	*
Hispanic adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	14	37	20	13	14	1
* Less than 0.5%; ^ WORDING: "As a result of Barack Obama's election,.."
Gallup

Next we have a question about a president's policies to help improve the standard of living of Blacks in the United States. Do you think the policies of Barack Obama have gone too far, have been about right or have not gone far enough in promoting efforts to aid the Black community?

	Too far	About right	Not far enough	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
National adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	21	40	33	6
2011 Aug 4-7 ^	25	43	23	10
2009 Oct 16-19 ^	24	47	18	11
2008 Nov 7-9 ^	24	64	8	4
2008 May 30-Jun 1 ^	26	47	9	18
White adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	25	39	30	6
2011 Aug 4-7 ^	29	42	18	12
2009 Oct 16-19 ^	28	45	16	11
2008 May 30-Jun 1 ^	27	46	7	20
Black adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	6	39	52	2
2011 Aug 4-7 ^	5	47	43	5
2009 Oct 16-19 ^	5	55	32	8
2008 May 30-Jun 2 ^	5	64	20	11
Hispanic adults
2016 Jun 7-Jul 1	15	48	33	4
^ WORDING: Next we have a question about a president's policies to help improve the standard of living of Blacks in the United States. Do you think the policies of Barack Obama will go too far, will be about right or will not go far enough in promoting efforts to aid the Black community?
Gallup

Just your opinion, what do you think is the single most important thing that could be done to reduce the number of deadly encounters between Black men and police in the U.S.?

	2016 Jul 13-17
	%
Better relations/communication/understanding	19
Better/additional police training	9
Change Blacks' attitudes toward police/More respect/Cooperation	8
Accountability/Responsibility for own actions/Obey the law	6
Gun control/Get rid of guns/Disband NRA	5
Less focus on race/Less racism	5
Police should be more patient/Slower to act/ Use common sense/Less brutality	5
Education (non-specific)	5
Better/more accurate reporting/Media, politicians not blow issue out of proportion	4
More/better jobs for Blacks	2
Better hiring practices/hire more qualified police/more diverse police	2
Find religion/Jesus/ethics	2
More responsibility/better parenting among blacks/Teach respect	1
Eliminate stereotyping of Blacks	1
Improve police policies and procedures	1
Reform law enforcement/criminal justice system	1
Better leadership/President Obama	1
Educate on issues/Raise awareness/What to do if pulled over	1
More technology/cameras	1
Better education of underprivileged/Blacks	1
Police need to be more strict/do their job	1
Eliminate Black Lives Matter movement	1
Need more police	1
Better drug enforcement	1
Other	2
Nothing	4
No opinion	11
Gallup

Now thinking ahead, 10 years from now, do you think civil rights for Black people will be -- [ROTATED: greatly improved, somewhat improved, the same, somewhat worse (or) much worse]?

	Greatly improved	Somewhat improved	Stayed the same	Somewhat worsened	Greatly worsened	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	19	48	27	4	2	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	28	45	21	2	1	3
White adults
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	18	49	27	3	1	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	28	48	21	1	*	2
Black adults
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	15	40	29	9	7	1
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	24	41	23	9	1	2
Hispanic adults
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	22	48	22	3	3	2
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	29	41	19	2	4	5
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Which would you prefer to see in your local area -- [ROTATED: a larger police presence than currently exists, no change (or) a smaller police presence than currently exists]?

	Larger	No change	Smaller	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
National adults
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	23	68	9	1
White adults
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	18	74	8	1
Black adults
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	38	51	10	1
Hispanic adults
2015 Jun 15-Jul 10	30	59	10	1
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

As you may know, a jury recently found George Zimmerman not guilty of second degree murder or manslaughter in the death of Trayvon Martin. From what you know about the case, do you think the verdict was right or wrong?

	Right	Wrong	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2013 Jul 16-21	43	40	17
White adults
2013 Jul 16-21	54	30	17
Black adults
2013 Jul 16-21	7	85	8
Hispanic adults
2013 Jul 16-21	25	51	24
Gallup

On average, Blacks have worse jobs, income and housing than Whites. Do you think this is mostly due to discrimination against Blacks, or is it mostly due to something else?

	Mostly discrimination	Mostly something else	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	20	77	2
2003 Jun 12-18	19	77	4
1993 Aug 23-25	24	70	6
White adults
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	15	83	2
2003 Jun 12-15	16	81	3
1993 Aug 23-25	21	73	6
Black adults
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	37	60	3
2003 Jun 12-18	40	53	7
1993 Aug 23-25	44	48	7
Hispanic adults
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	27	70	3
2003 Jun 12-18	22	72	6
Gallup

On average, Black males are more likely to go to prison than White males. Do you think this is mostly due to discrimination against Blacks, or is it mostly due to something else?

	Mostly discrimination	Mostly something else	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	25	74	2
White adults
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	19	80	1
Black adults
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	50	48	2
Hispanic adults
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	24	73	3
Gallup

Some people say the term "African American" should be used instead of the word "Black." Which term do you prefer -- "African American" or "Black," or does it not matter to you either way?

Among Black adults

	Prefer "African American"	Prefer "Black"	Does not matter	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	17	17	65	1
2007 Jun 4-24	24	13	61	1
2003 Jun 12-18	23	15	59	3
2000 Dec 15-18	19	13	66	2
1994 Aug 23-24 ^	18	17	60	5
1994 Apr 22-24 ^	21	13	64	3
1992 May 7-10 ^	23	22	56	--
1991 Jun 13-16 ^	18	19	61	2
^ WORDING: "Some people say the term "African American" should be used instead of the word "Black." Which term do you prefer -- "African American" or "Black," or does it not matter to you?"
Gallup

Some people say the term "Latino" should be used instead of the word "Hispanic." Which term do you prefer -- "Latino" or "Hispanic," or does it not matter to you either way?

Among Hispanic adults

	Prefer "Latino"	Prefer "Hispanic"	Does not matter	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
2013 Jun 13-Jul 5	10	19	70	*
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

As you may know, some U.S. leaders have called for an open national dialogue on race. If Blacks and Whites honestly expressed their true feelings about race relations, do you think this would do more to -- [ROTATED: bring the races together (or) cause greater racial division]?

	Bring races together	Cause greater division	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2009 Oct 16-19	56	37	7
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	59	34	7
White adults
2009 Oct 16-19	53	39	8
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	57	35	8
Black adults
2009 Oct 16-19	70	26	4
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	69	27	4
Hispanic adults
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	64	29	7
Gallup

In your view, should government programs that are designed to address economic inequality give special consideration to Blacks because of past racial discrimination, or should these programs only take into account a person's economic situation?

	Yes, give special consideration	Only consider economic situation	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	9	87	4
White adults
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	7	90	3
Black adults
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	18	78	4
Hispanic adults
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	15	79	6
Gallup

How much confidence do you have in the local police in your area to treat Blacks and Whites equally -- a great deal, a fair amount, not much or none at all?

	Great deal	Fair amount	Not much	None	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	37	36	17	8	2
White adults
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	42	39	14	4	2
Black adults
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	12	33	34	19	1
Hispanic adults
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	30	27	25	13	5
Gallup

If you had to name one individual or leader in the U.S. to speak for you on issues of race, who would that be? [OPEN-ENDED]

Among Black adults

	2008 Jun 5-Jul 6
	%
Barack Obama	29
Al Sharpton	6
Jesse Jackson	4
Bill Clinton	3
Hillary Clinton	3
Oprah Winfrey	2
Maya Angelou	1
Colin Powell	1
Louis Farrakhan	1
Bill Cosby	1
Tavis Smiley	1
Cornel West	1
My minister/pastor	1
Me/Myself	6
Other	18
No one (vol.)	7
No opinion	16
Gallup

Everything else being equal, if you had been born White, do you think you would be -- [ROTATED: better off, the same (or) worse off] than you are now?

Among Black adults

	Better off	The same	Worse off	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
Black adults
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	48	41	5	5
Gallup

Everything else being equal, if you had been born Black, do you think you would be -- [ROTATED: better off, the same (or) worse off] than you are now?

Among White adults

	Better off	The same	Worse off	No opinion
	%	%	%	%
White adults
2008 Jun 5-Jul 6	6	60	31	3
Gallup

How often do you worry that your total family income will not be enough to meet your family's expenses and bills -- all of the time, most of the time, some of the time or almost never?

	All of the time	Most of the time	Some of the time	Almost never	No opinion
	%	%	%	%	%
National adults
2007 Jun 4-24	21	13	37	28	1
2006 Jun 8-25	20	12	35	32	*
2005 Jun 6-25	18	11	43	28	*
2004 Jun 9-30	15	10	36	38	1
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	12	14	37	36	1
1998 Apr 23-May 31	9	12	44	34	1
1989 Jun 15-18	13	13	35	38	1
1987 Jan 16-19	15	16	38	30	1
1984 Jan 27-30	20	15	30	34	1
1976 Jan 1-Jun 1	13	13	36	38	--
Non-Hispanic White adults
2007 Jun 4-24	18	12	39	31	*
2006 Jun 8-25	18	9	36	36	1
2005 Jun 6-25	16	10	44	30	*
2004 Jun 9-30	12	9	37	42	*
Long-term trend: White adults (including Hispanic adults)
2007 Jun 4-24	19	13	39	29	*
2006 Jun 8-25	19	12	35	34	1
2005 Jun 6-25	16	11	44	29	*
2004 Jun 9-30	13	9	37	41	*
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	10	15	36	38	1
1998 Apr 23-May 31	9	11	45	35	*
1989 Jun 15-18	12	12	35	40	1
1984 Jan 27-30	18	15	31	36	*
Black adults
2007 Jun 4-24	33	15	27	24	1
2006 Jun 8-25	26	16	36	22	*
2005 Jun 6-25	26	17	36	20	1
2004 Jun 9-30	25	14	33	26	2
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	19	18	35	26	2
1998 Apr 23-May 31	15	16	42	27	*
1989 Jun 15-18	22	20	31	25	2
1984 Jan 27-30	38	21	24	15	2
Hispanic adults
2007 Jun 4-24	27	18	33	20	1
2006 Jun 8-25	16	22	37	25	1
2005 Jun 6-25	27	14	38	20	1
2004 Jun 9-30	24	15	34	27	*
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Have there been times during the last year when you did not have enough money to buy food your family needed?

	Yes	No	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2007 Jun 4-24	18	82	*
2005 Jun 6-25	16	84	*
2004 Jun 9-30	17	83	*
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	13	86	1
1998 Apr 23-May 31	11	89	--
1989 Jun 15-18	13	87	--
1987 Jan 16-19	16	84	--
1984 Jan 27-30	20	79	1
1976 Jan 1-Jun 1	14	86	--
Non-Hispanic White adults
2007 Jun 4-24	10	90	*
2005 Jun 6-25	11	89	--
2004 Jun 9-30	12	88	*
Long-term trend: White adults (including Hispanic adults)
2007 Jun 4-24	14	86	*
2005 Jun 6-25	13	87	*
2004 Jun 9-30	14	86	*
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	11	88	1
1998 Apr 23-May 31	9	91	--
1989 Jun 15-18	10	89	1
1987 Jan 16-19	14	86	--
1984 Jan 27-30	17	82	1
Black adults
2007 Jun 4-24	36	64	*
2005 Jun 6-25	31	69	*
2004 Jun 9-30	31	67	2
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	28	72	*
1998 Apr 23-May 31	24	76	--
1989 Jun 15-18	36	64	--
1987 Jan 16-19	31	69	--
1984 Jan 27-30	51	47	2
Hispanic adults
2007 Jun 4-24	39	61	*
2005 Jun 6-25	36	64	*
2004 Jun 9-30	33	67	*
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Have there been times during the last year when you did not have enough money to buy clothing your family needed?

	Yes	No	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2007 Jun 4-24	21	79	*
2005 Jun 6-25	23	76	1
2004 Jun 9-30	20	79	1
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	17	83	--
1998 Apr 23-May 31	18	82	--
1989 Jun 15-18	17	83	--
1987 Jan 16-19	19	81	--
1984 Jan 27-30	26	73	1
1976 Jan 1-Jun 1	19	80	1
Non-Hispanic White adults
2007 Jun 4-24	12	87	*
2005 Jun 6-25	19	81	*
2004 Jun 9-30	15	84	1
Long-term trend: White adults (including Hispanic adults)
2007 Jun 4-24	17	83	*
2005 Jun 6-25	20	79	1
2004 Jun 9-30	17	82	1
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	16	84	--
1998 Apr 23-May 31	31	69	*
1989 Jun 15-18	33	67	--
1987 Jan 16-19	37	63	--
1984 Jan 27-30	39	61	--
Black adults
2007 Jun 4-24	40	60	*
2005 Jun 6-25	37	63	*
2004 Jun 9-30	36	62	2
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	28	72	*
1998 Apr 23-May 31	24	76	--
1989 Jun 15-18	36	64	--
1987 Jan 16-19	31	69	--
1984 Jan 27-30	51	47	2
Hispanic adults
2007 Jun 4-24	43	56	*
2005 Jun 6-25	45	55	*
2004 Jun 9-30	37	63	*
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Have there been times during the last year when you did not have enough money to pay for medical or healthcare?

	Yes	No	No opinion
	%	%	%
National adults
2007 Jun 4-24	32	68	*
2005 Jun 6-25	28	71	1
2004 Jun 9-30	28	71	1
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	21	79	*
1998 Apr 23-May 31	22	78	*
1989 Jun 15-18	21	79	--
1987 Jan 16-19	21	78	1
1984 Jan 27-30	25	75	*
1976 Jan 1-Jun 1	15	85	*
Non-Hispanic White adults
2007 Jun 4-24	26	74	*
2005 Jun 6-25	24	76	*
2004 Jun 9-30	23	77	*
Long-term trend: White adults (including Hispanic adults)
2007 Jun 4-24	30	70	*
2005 Jun 6-25	26	74	*
2004 Jun 9-30	25	75	*
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	18	82	*
1998 Apr 23-May 31	19	81	*
1989 Jun 15-18	19	81	--
1987 Jan 16-19	19	80	1
1984 Jan 27-30	22	78	*
Black adults
2007 Jun 4-24	45	55	1
2005 Jun 6-25	42	58	*
2004 Jun 9-30	38	60	2
2002 Dec 9-2003 Feb 11	34	65	1
1998 Apr 23-May 31	39	61	*
1989 Jun 15-18	41	59	--
1987 Jan 16-19	31	68	1
1984 Jan 27-30	51	45	4
Hispanic adults
2007 Jun 4-24	48	52	*
2005 Jun 6-25	46	53	1
2004 Jun 9-30	44	56	*
* Less than 0.5%
Gallup

Race Relations

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The Five Conditions Assessment

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