More in U.S. Say American Lives Permanently Changed by 9/11

WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Twenty years after the 9/11 terror attacks, a record-high 64% of U.S. adults say Americans have permanently changed the way they live because of those attacks. Moreover, at least one in four Americans say they, personally, have permanently changed the way they live, and substantial minorities continue to express apprehension about flying, going into skyscrapers and overseas travel.

The data, largely collected prior to the Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan and before the subsequent terror attack on U.S. troops there, found significantly fewer Americans than in the past believing the U.S. is winning the war on terror. Likewise, confidence in the U.S. government to protect its citizens from terrorism was near a two-decade low. Concern about being a terror victim, too, was lower than in the past, although that may have changed in recent days.

These results are from Gallup's Aug. 2-17 poll, which included a series of questions relating to terrorism that were asked in the days and months following the 9/11 terror attacks and repeated in 2011 at the 10-year anniversary of the event.

Americans Perceive That 9/11 Permanently Altered Lives

U.S. adults are more likely now than at any prior point to say that Americans have permanently changed the way they live. The 64% saying this is up slightly from 58% at the 10^th anniversary, and from percentages near 50% in the first few years after 9/11.

Asked about the effect on their own lives, 28% say they have permanently changed the way they live. This is unchanged from a decade ago, but slightly higher than Gallup measured between 2002 and 2006.

There are not meaningful differences in the percentage of U.S. adults who say they have permanently changed the way they live by gender, age, educational attainment, party affiliation and place of residence. However, more Nonwhite Americans (44%) than White Americans (21%) say their lives have been permanently altered.

Certain subgroups are more inclined than others to think that Americans have permanently changed the way they live. These include Democrats (72%), suburban residents (71%), college graduates (72%) and upper-income Americans (74%).

Reluctance to Engage in Public Activities Due to Terrorism Concerns Down

Nearly 3,000 Americans were killed on 9/11, with most of the victims inside the two World Trade Center skyscrapers when terrorists crashed planes into those buildings. The tragic images of those attacks caused many Americans to become reluctant to put themselves in similar situations. In the immediate days after 9/11, Gallup found 43% of Americans saying they were less willing to fly on airplanes, 35% were less willing to go into skyscrapers, 30% were less willing to attend events where there are thousands of people, and 48% were less willing to travel overseas.

Today, fewer Americans than 20 years ago express reluctance to fly on airplanes (26%), go into skyscrapers (27%) and travel overseas (36%). However, more today (37%) than in 2001 say they are less willing to attend events where there are large crowds. The increased aversion to crowded events is not influenced by the current COVID-19 pandemic, though, because the increase was apparent in a 2017 survey conducted after two high-profile terrorist attacks on crowds in England.

Older Americans (those aged 50 and older), lower-income Americans, and adults without a college education are among the subgroups who are most likely to say they are less willing to engage in these public activities due to the 9/11 terror attacks.

New Low Says U.S. Winning War Against Terrorism

Between 2011 and mid-August, Americans became significantly less likely to say the U.S. is winning the war on terrorism -- 28% said this in the August survey compared with 42% in 2011. The most recent figure represented a new low in the trend, although it is statistically similar to the 29% measured in 2007 after the U.S. surge in troops in Iraq.

As fewer Americans believed the U.S. is winning the war, more came to believe the terrorists are. The August survey found 22% saying the terrorists are winning, up from 9% in 2011 and just one point below the high measured in 2005. The largest proportion of Americans -- 49% -- believed neither side is winning, as has been the case in the past three measurements.

In the early stages of the Afghanistan war in late 2001 and early 2002, and again after initial U.S. success in Iraq in 2003, majorities of Americans believed the U.S. was winning the war against terrorism.

The declining belief that the U.S. is winning the war is apparent among all party groups. The percentages of Republicans, Democrats and independents who say the U.S. is winning are all down by double-digits, while there are similar increases among each group that the terrorists are winning.

	2011	2021	Change
	%	%	pct. pts.
Republicans
U.S. and allies	47	30	-17
Neither side	43	40	-3
The terrorists	10	30	+20
Independents
U.S. and allies	35	20	-15
Neither side	48	56	+8
The terrorists	12	23	+11
Democrats
U.S. and allies	48	37	-11
Neither side	46	49	+3
The terrorists	3	14	+11
Gallup

Republicans and independents in mid-August were as likely to believe the terrorists are winning as to believe the U.S. and its allies are. Democrats were still more than twice as likely to believe the U.S. is winning than to believe the terrorists are. The plurality of all party groups, however, said neither side is winning.

Diminished Confidence in Government Ability to Protect Citizens

Prior to the Aug. 26 attack on U.S. troops at the Kabul airport, the majority of Americans, 59%, were very (18%) or somewhat (41%) confident the U.S. government can protect its citizens from terrorism. This level of confidence was significantly lower than in 2011 (75%) and in the immediate days after the 9/11 terror attacks (88%).

In fact, Gallup had only measured lower confidence in one other poll, 55% in December 2015, after a deadly mass shooting in San Bernardino, CA, that many regarded as a terrorist attack.

In the latest survey, confidence was down from 2011 and 2017, mostly among Republicans but also independents. The poll found 41% of Republicans were confident in the government's ability to protect its citizens from terrorism, down from 77% in 2017 (when Donald Trump was president) and 73% in 2011 (when Barack Obama was). Fifty-three percent of independents were confident, compared with roughly two-thirds in 2011 and 2017, while 80% of Democrats were.

Concern About Terrorism Subdued Before Afghanistan Attack

Prior to the Kabul airport terrorist attack, 36% of U.S. adults said they were very or somewhat worried about being the victim of terrorism. That is unchanged from a decade ago but well below the 51% measured the first few days after 9/11.

Concern about terrorism has varied over the years, typically in response to terror activity, such as the 2015 San Bernardino incident. It is possible that concern about terrorism is higher now than in mid-August in light of the events in recent days.

Gallup first gauged concern about being a victim of terrorism in 1995, after the Oklahoma City bombing. The high point was measured in a survey conducted the night of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The low point of 24% was measured in April 2000. Since 9/11, the low point was 28% in January 2004.

Implications

The 9/11 terror attacks rank among the most tragic events in U.S. history. Although those events are now two decades in the past, the messy U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan has brought terrorism back into the public consciousness. The U.S. had started military action in Afghanistan after 9/11 to attempt to protect Americans from terrorism, but the mission is ending with a deadly terrorist attack on U.S. troops helping Americans and their allies escape the country.

Even before last week's attack, Americans showed diminished confidence in the government to protect U.S. citizens from terrorism and were less inclined to believe the U.S. was winning the war against terrorism.

Two decades after 9/11, most Americans perceive that their fellow citizens have permanently changed the way they live. And while just over one in four say 9/11 has dramatically altered their own way of life, substantial minorities still express reluctance to engage in activities that recall the horror of 9/11, including flying airplanes and going into skyscrapers.

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