Crime Fears Rebound in U.S. After Lull During 2020 Lockdowns

WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Americans' anxiety about experiencing various crimes has largely returned to 2019 levels after dipping during the first year of the pandemic, when social distancing was still high.

The percentages of U.S. adults who report that they "frequently" or "occasionally" worry about several specific types of violent and property crimes have increased between five and nine points over the past year. These include getting mugged, having their car stolen or broken into, having their home burglarized when they are at home or away from home, being attacked while driving, being a victim of identity theft, getting murdered and being a victim of terrorism.

Worry about the other five crimes is statistically unchanged in comparison with last year, showing differences of less than five points each. Among them are having a school-aged child physically harmed at school, being assaulted or killed by a coworker, being a victim of a hate crime, being sexually assaulted and having one's personal information stolen by computer hackers.

	2019	2020	2021	2020-2021 change
	%	%	%	pct. pts.
Getting mugged	30	24	33	+9
Having your car stolen or broken into	41	34	43	+9
Your home being burglarized when you are not there	43	35	43	+8
Your home being burglarized when you are there	26	20	28	+8
Being attacked while driving your car	20	23	29	+6
Being a victim of identity theft	67	66	72	+6
Getting murdered	20	17	22	+5
Being the victim of terrorism	29	25	30	+5
Having a school-aged child of yours physically harmed while attending school	39	30	34	+4
Being assaulted or killed by a coworker or other employee where you work	7	6	9	+3
Being the victim of a hate crime	25	28	31	+3
Being sexually assaulted	23	19	21	+2
Having your personal, credit card or financial information stolen by computer hackers	72	72	74	+2
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These findings are from Gallup's Oct. 1-19 Crime poll, which shows that the latest changes in worry about most of the crimes have essentially restored them to their 2019 levels. However, concerns about being attacked while driving, being a victim of identity theft and being a victim of a hate crime are higher now than in 2019, while worry about one's child being harmed at school is now lower than it was two years ago.

Cybercrimes Remain Most Worrying to Americans

Gallup has tracked worries about most of the crimes on the list nearly every year since 2000, although the items concerning cybercrimes were added in 2009 (identity theft) and 2017 (computer hacking). Concerns about these two cybercrimes have consistently outpaced the other crimes since they first appeared on the list. Americans are generally more likely to say they or another member of their house has been the victim of these two cybercrimes.

Although none of the 13 crimes is a frequent worry for more than 39% of Americans, majorities say they worry at least occasionally about computer hacking (74%) and identity theft (72%). Meanwhile, between 30% and 43% of U.S. adults worry at least occasionally about their car being stolen, their home being burglarized while they are not there, their child being harmed at school, getting mugged, and being a victim of a hate crime or of terrorism. Fear of being assaulted or killed by a coworker while on the job is at the bottom of the list.

Notable Demographic Differences in Worry Levels

There are a number of notable differences in worry about various crimes among some demographic subgroups:

• Worry about the physical safety of children at school among parents of those under the age of 18 is 55%, ranking third below the cybercrimes.

• Women worry more than men about becoming a victim of several of the crimes, including sexual assault, terrorism and both cybercrimes.

• Twenty-three percent of U.S. adults in the 2021 survey report having been the victim of a crime in the past year, and this group is significantly more likely than those who have not been victimized to report they worry about falling victim to each of the 13 crimes.

• Specifically, recent crime victims are more than twice as likely as those who have not been a recent crime victim to be concerned about having their car stolen or broken into, 72% versus 35%. Likewise, crime victims are more likely than their counterparts to say they fear being mugged, 56% versus 26%.

• Suburbanites and those who live in more rural areas are more concerned than those who live in cities about falling victim to cybercrimes. Suburbanites are the most concerned of the three groups about car theft or break-in. Those who live in cities and suburbs are more concerned than rural residents about being mugged. City residents' worry about each of the crimes has not changed much compared with 2020. However, suburban and rural residents are much more concerned this year about car theft, mugging and home burglarizing when not there.

Avoiding Dangerous Situations Is Americans' Main Protection From Crime

The new survey also updates a Gallup question last asked in 2007, which explores how Americans try to protect themselves from becoming the victim of a crime. Of the seven methods, avoiding certain neighborhoods or areas was the top proactive step U.S. adults took in 2007, and it remains the top means of self-protection today, at 52%.

Following distantly behind avoidance of dangerous areas, 37% of U.S. adults say they keep a dog for protection, 36% had a burglar alarm installed and 35% bought a gun for protection. Fewer, between 22% and 26%, say they carry mace or pepper spray, a gun, or a knife for self-defense.

Uses of All Means of Protection Have Increased Since 2007

Except for avoiding certain areas, Americans have become significantly more likely to say they use each of these methods of protection since 2007. Uses of personal defense weapons -- a gun, mace and a knife -- are up 10 to 12 points. At the same time, keeping a dog and installing a burglar alarm have risen five to six points.

	2007	2021	2007-2021 change
	%	%	pct. pts.
Bought a gun for protection of yourself or your home	23	35	+12
Carry mace or pepper spray	14	26	+12
Carry a gun for defense	12	23	+11
Carry a knife for defense	12	22	+10
Keep a dog for protection	31	37	+6
Had a burglar alarm installed in your home	31	36	+5
Avoid going to certain places or neighborhoods you might otherwise want to go to	48	52	+4
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Women and Men Protect Themselves From Crime in Different Ways

Women are more likely than men to say they avoid going to unsafe neighborhoods, have a dog for protection, and carry mace or pepper spray. However, men are more likely than women to say they bought a gun, and carry it or a knife for self-defense.

	Women	Men	Women vs. men
	%	%	pct. pts.
Carry mace or pepper spray	38	15	+23
Avoid going to certain places or neighborhoods where you might otherwise want to go	60	45	+15
Keep a dog for protection	40	34	+6
Had a burglar alarm installed in your home	36	37	-1
Carry a knife for defense	18	27	-9
Bought a gun for protection of yourself or your home	30	40	-10
Carry a gun for defense	17	28	-11
Oct. 1-19, 2021
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Additionally, U.S. adults who say they have been a victim of a crime in the past year are significantly more likely than nonvictims to take or have taken each of the seven precautions.

Bottom Line

After experiencing a general downturn in worry about becoming a victim of various crimes in 2020, Americans' concerns have mostly rebounded, though more worry today about identity theft, being a hate-crime victim and being carjacked than did so two years ago. Cybercrimes, including computer hacking and identity theft, remain the top crime worries.

Changes in concern about crime over the past three years are likely due to several factors. The declines in worry seen in 2020 may have reflected an enhanced sense of security among Americans brought about by social distancing -- staying home more, avoiding public transportation and avoiding places with large crowds. The increases in worry this year may simply be the expected return to normal as social distancing behaviors have eased. But they could also reflect people's awareness from national crime statistics that violent crime was up last year. And while property crimes have continued to decline steadily, the news about violent crime may be influencing broader perceptions of the crime problem.

In their efforts to avoid becoming a crime victim, U.S. adults primarily stay away from dangerous areas. However, they have increased their reliance on other steps, including arming themselves with guns, knives, or mace, installing burglar alarms, and getting a dog.

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